rust: enable `clippy::as_underscore` lint

In Rust 1.63.0, Clippy introduced the `as_underscore` lint [1]:

> The conversion might include lossy conversion or a dangerous cast that
> might go undetected due to the type being inferred.
>
> The lint is allowed by default as using `_` is less wordy than always
> specifying the type.

Always specifying the type is especially helpful in function call
contexts where the inferred type may change at a distance. Specifying
the type also allows Clippy to spot more cases of `useless_conversion`.

The primary downside is the need to specify the type in trivial getters.
There are 4 such functions: 3 have become slightly less ergonomic, 1 was
revealed to be a `useless_conversion`.

While this doesn't eliminate unchecked `as` conversions, it makes such
conversions easier to scrutinize.  It also has the slight benefit of
removing a degree of freedom on which to bikeshed. Thus apply the
changes and enable the lint -- no functional change intended.

Link: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#as_underscore [1]
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250615-ptr-as-ptr-v12-4-f43b024581e8@gmail.com
[ Changed `isize` to `c_long`. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>

Makefile

@@ -480,6 +480,7 @@ export rust_common_flags := --edition=2021 \
 			    -Wunreachable_pub \
 			    -Wclippy::all \
 			    -Wclippy::as_ptr_cast_mut \
+			    -Wclippy::as_underscore \
 			    -Wclippy::ignored_unit_patterns \
 			    -Wclippy::mut_mut \
 			    -Wclippy::needless_bitwise_bool \

drivers/gpu/nova-core/driver.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ kernel::pci_device_table!(
     MODULE_PCI_TABLE,
     <NovaCore as pci::Driver>::IdInfo,
     [(
-        pci::DeviceId::from_id(bindings::PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, bindings::PCI_ANY_ID as _),
+        pci::DeviceId::from_id(bindings::PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, bindings::PCI_ANY_ID as u32),
         ()
     )]
 );

rust/kernel/block/mq/operations.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl<T: Operations> OperationsVTable<T> {
         if let Err(e) = ret {
             e.to_blk_status()
         } else {
-            bindings::BLK_STS_OK as _
+            bindings::BLK_STS_OK as bindings::blk_status_t
         }
     }
 

rust/kernel/block/mq/request.rs

@@ -125,7 +125,12 @@ impl<T: Operations> Request<T> {
         // success of the call to `try_set_end` guarantees that there are no
         // `ARef`s pointing to this request. Therefore it is safe to hand it
         // back to the block layer.
-        unsafe { bindings::blk_mq_end_request(request_ptr, bindings::BLK_STS_OK as _) };
+        unsafe {
+            bindings::blk_mq_end_request(
+                request_ptr,
+                bindings::BLK_STS_OK as bindings::blk_status_t,
+            )
+        };
 
         Ok(())
     }

rust/kernel/device_id.rs

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl<T: RawDeviceId, U, const N: usize> IdArray<T, U, N> {
             unsafe {
                 raw_ids[i]
                     .as_mut_ptr()
-                    .byte_offset(T::DRIVER_DATA_OFFSET as _)
+                    .byte_add(T::DRIVER_DATA_OFFSET)
                     .cast::<usize>()
                     .write(i);
             }

rust/kernel/devres.rs

@@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ struct DevresInner<T> {
 ///     unsafe fn new(paddr: usize) -> Result<Self>{
 ///         // SAFETY: By the safety requirements of this function [`paddr`, `paddr` + `SIZE`) is
 ///         // valid for `ioremap`.
-///         let addr = unsafe { bindings::ioremap(paddr as _, SIZE as _) };
+///         let addr = unsafe { bindings::ioremap(paddr as bindings::phys_addr_t, SIZE) };
 ///         if addr.is_null() {
 ///             return Err(ENOMEM);
 ///         }
 ///
-///         Ok(IoMem(IoRaw::new(addr as _, SIZE)?))
+///         Ok(IoMem(IoRaw::new(addr as usize, SIZE)?))
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
 /// impl<const SIZE: usize> Drop for IoMem<SIZE> {
 ///     fn drop(&mut self) {
 ///         // SAFETY: `self.0.addr()` is guaranteed to be properly mapped by `Self::new`.
-///         unsafe { bindings::iounmap(self.0.addr() as _); };
+///         unsafe { bindings::iounmap(self.0.addr() as *mut c_void); };
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
@@ -115,8 +115,9 @@ impl<T> DevresInner<T> {
 
         // SAFETY: `devm_add_action` guarantees to call `Self::devres_callback` once `dev` is
         // detached.
-        let ret =
-            unsafe { bindings::devm_add_action(dev.as_raw(), Some(inner.callback), data as _) };
+        let ret = unsafe {
+            bindings::devm_add_action(dev.as_raw(), Some(inner.callback), data.cast_mut().cast())
+        };
 
         if ret != 0 {
             // SAFETY: We just created another reference to `inner` in order to pass it to
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ impl<T> DevresInner<T> {
     }
 
     fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Self {
-        self as _
+        self
     }
 
     fn remove_action(this: &Arc<Self>) -> bool {

rust/kernel/dma.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct Attrs(u32);
 impl Attrs {
     /// Get the raw representation of this attribute.
     pub(crate) fn as_raw(self) -> crate::ffi::c_ulong {
-        self.0 as _
+        self.0 as crate::ffi::c_ulong
     }
 
     /// Check whether `flags` is contained in `self`.

rust/kernel/drm/device.rs

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl<T: drm::Driver> Device<T> {
         driver_features: drm::driver::FEAT_GEM,
         ioctls: T::IOCTLS.as_ptr(),
         num_ioctls: T::IOCTLS.len() as i32,
-        fops: &Self::GEM_FOPS as _,
+        fops: &Self::GEM_FOPS,
     };
 
     const GEM_FOPS: bindings::file_operations = drm::gem::create_fops();

rust/kernel/error.rs

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl Error {
     /// Returns the error encoded as a pointer.
     pub fn to_ptr<T>(self) -> *mut T {
         // SAFETY: `self.0` is a valid error due to its invariant.
-        unsafe { bindings::ERR_PTR(self.0.get() as _).cast() }
+        unsafe { bindings::ERR_PTR(self.0.get() as crate::ffi::c_long).cast() }
     }
 
     /// Returns a string representing the error, if one exists.

rust/kernel/io.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! C header: [`include/asm-generic/io.h`](srctree/include/asm-generic/io.h)
 
 use crate::error::{code::EINVAL, Result};
-use crate::{bindings, build_assert};
+use crate::{bindings, build_assert, ffi::c_void};
 
 /// Raw representation of an MMIO region.
 ///
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl<const SIZE: usize> IoRaw<SIZE> {
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
-/// # use kernel::{bindings, io::{Io, IoRaw}};
+/// # use kernel::{bindings, ffi::c_void, io::{Io, IoRaw}};
 /// # use core::ops::Deref;
 ///
 /// // See also [`pci::Bar`] for a real example.
@@ -70,19 +70,19 @@ impl<const SIZE: usize> IoRaw<SIZE> {
 ///     unsafe fn new(paddr: usize) -> Result<Self>{
 ///         // SAFETY: By the safety requirements of this function [`paddr`, `paddr` + `SIZE`) is
 ///         // valid for `ioremap`.
-///         let addr = unsafe { bindings::ioremap(paddr as _, SIZE as _) };
+///         let addr = unsafe { bindings::ioremap(paddr as bindings::phys_addr_t, SIZE) };
 ///         if addr.is_null() {
 ///             return Err(ENOMEM);
 ///         }
 ///
-///         Ok(IoMem(IoRaw::new(addr as _, SIZE)?))
+///         Ok(IoMem(IoRaw::new(addr as usize, SIZE)?))
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
 /// impl<const SIZE: usize> Drop for IoMem<SIZE> {
 ///     fn drop(&mut self) {
 ///         // SAFETY: `self.0.addr()` is guaranteed to be properly mapped by `Self::new`.
-///         unsafe { bindings::iounmap(self.0.addr() as _); };
+///         unsafe { bindings::iounmap(self.0.addr() as *mut c_void); };
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ macro_rules! define_read {
             let addr = self.io_addr_assert::<$type_name>(offset);
 
             // SAFETY: By the type invariant `addr` is a valid address for MMIO operations.
-            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(addr as _) }
+            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(addr as *const c_void) }
         }
 
         /// Read IO data from a given offset.
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ macro_rules! define_read {
             let addr = self.io_addr::<$type_name>(offset)?;
 
             // SAFETY: By the type invariant `addr` is a valid address for MMIO operations.
-            Ok(unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(addr as _) })
+            Ok(unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(addr as *const c_void) })
         }
     };
 }
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ macro_rules! define_write {
             let addr = self.io_addr_assert::<$type_name>(offset);
 
             // SAFETY: By the type invariant `addr` is a valid address for MMIO operations.
-            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(value, addr as _, ) }
+            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(value, addr as *mut c_void) }
         }
 
         /// Write IO data from a given offset.
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ macro_rules! define_write {
             let addr = self.io_addr::<$type_name>(offset)?;
 
             // SAFETY: By the type invariant `addr` is a valid address for MMIO operations.
-            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(value, addr as _) }
+            unsafe { bindings::$c_fn(value, addr as *mut c_void) }
             Ok(())
         }
     };

rust/kernel/miscdevice.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl MiscDeviceOptions {
     pub const fn into_raw<T: MiscDevice>(self) -> bindings::miscdevice {
         // SAFETY: All zeros is valid for this C type.
         let mut result: bindings::miscdevice = unsafe { MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() };
-        result.minor = bindings::MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR as _;
+        result.minor = bindings::MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR as ffi::c_int;
         result.name = self.name.as_char_ptr();
         result.fops = MiscdeviceVTable::<T>::build();
         result

rust/kernel/mm/virt.rs

@@ -392,80 +392,80 @@ pub mod flags {
     use crate::bindings;
 
     /// No flags are set.
-    pub const NONE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NONE as _;
+    pub const NONE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NONE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping allows reads.
-    pub const READ: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_READ as _;
+    pub const READ: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_READ as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping allows writes.
-    pub const WRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WRITE as _;
+    pub const WRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WRITE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping allows execution.
-    pub const EXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_EXEC as _;
+    pub const EXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_EXEC as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping is shared.
-    pub const SHARED: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SHARED as _;
+    pub const SHARED: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SHARED as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping may be updated to allow reads.
-    pub const MAYREAD: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYREAD as _;
+    pub const MAYREAD: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYREAD as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping may be updated to allow writes.
-    pub const MAYWRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYWRITE as _;
+    pub const MAYWRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYWRITE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping may be updated to allow execution.
-    pub const MAYEXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYEXEC as _;
+    pub const MAYEXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYEXEC as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Mapping may be updated to be shared.
-    pub const MAYSHARE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYSHARE as _;
+    pub const MAYSHARE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYSHARE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Page-ranges managed without `struct page`, just pure PFN.
-    pub const PFNMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_PFNMAP as _;
+    pub const PFNMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_PFNMAP as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Memory mapped I/O or similar.
-    pub const IO: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_IO as _;
+    pub const IO: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_IO as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Do not copy this vma on fork.
-    pub const DONTCOPY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTCOPY as _;
+    pub const DONTCOPY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTCOPY as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Cannot expand with mremap().
-    pub const DONTEXPAND: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTEXPAND as _;
+    pub const DONTEXPAND: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTEXPAND as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Lock the pages covered when they are faulted in.
-    pub const LOCKONFAULT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_LOCKONFAULT as _;
+    pub const LOCKONFAULT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_LOCKONFAULT as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Is a VM accounted object.
-    pub const ACCOUNT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ACCOUNT as _;
+    pub const ACCOUNT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ACCOUNT as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Should the VM suppress accounting.
-    pub const NORESERVE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NORESERVE as _;
+    pub const NORESERVE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NORESERVE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Huge TLB Page VM.
-    pub const HUGETLB: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGETLB as _;
+    pub const HUGETLB: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGETLB as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Synchronous page faults. (DAX-specific)
-    pub const SYNC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SYNC as _;
+    pub const SYNC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SYNC as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Architecture-specific flag.
-    pub const ARCH_1: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ARCH_1 as _;
+    pub const ARCH_1: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ARCH_1 as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Wipe VMA contents in child on fork.
-    pub const WIPEONFORK: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WIPEONFORK as _;
+    pub const WIPEONFORK: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WIPEONFORK as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Do not include in the core dump.
-    pub const DONTDUMP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTDUMP as _;
+    pub const DONTDUMP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTDUMP as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Not soft dirty clean area.
-    pub const SOFTDIRTY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SOFTDIRTY as _;
+    pub const SOFTDIRTY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SOFTDIRTY as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// Can contain `struct page` and pure PFN pages.
-    pub const MIXEDMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MIXEDMAP as _;
+    pub const MIXEDMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MIXEDMAP as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// MADV_HUGEPAGE marked this vma.
-    pub const HUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGEPAGE as _;
+    pub const HUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGEPAGE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// MADV_NOHUGEPAGE marked this vma.
-    pub const NOHUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NOHUGEPAGE as _;
+    pub const NOHUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NOHUGEPAGE as vm_flags_t;
 
     /// KSM may merge identical pages.
-    pub const MERGEABLE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MERGEABLE as _;
+    pub const MERGEABLE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MERGEABLE as vm_flags_t;
 }

rust/kernel/of.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ unsafe impl RawDeviceId for DeviceId {
     const DRIVER_DATA_OFFSET: usize = core::mem::offset_of!(bindings::of_device_id, data);
 
     fn index(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.data as _
+        self.0.data as usize
     }
 }
 
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ impl DeviceId {
         // SAFETY: FFI type is valid to be zero-initialized.
         let mut of: bindings::of_device_id = unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() };
 
-        // TODO: Use `clone_from_slice` once the corresponding types do match.
+        // TODO: Use `copy_from_slice` once stabilized for `const`.
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < src.len() {
-            of.compatible[i] = src[i] as _;
+            of.compatible[i] = src[i];
             i += 1;
         }
 

rust/kernel/pci.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ unsafe impl RawDeviceId for DeviceId {
     const DRIVER_DATA_OFFSET: usize = core::mem::offset_of!(bindings::pci_device_id, driver_data);
 
     fn index(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.driver_data as _
+        self.0.driver_data
     }
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +206,10 @@ macro_rules! pci_device_table {
 ///     MODULE_PCI_TABLE,
 ///     <MyDriver as pci::Driver>::IdInfo,
 ///     [
-///         (pci::DeviceId::from_id(bindings::PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT, bindings::PCI_ANY_ID as _), ())
+///         (
+///             pci::DeviceId::from_id(bindings::PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT, bindings::PCI_ANY_ID as u32),
+///             (),
+///         )
 ///     ]
 /// );
 ///
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ impl<const SIZE: usize> Bar<SIZE> {
         // `ioptr` is valid by the safety requirements.
         // `num` is valid by the safety requirements.
         unsafe {
-            bindings::pci_iounmap(pdev.as_raw(), ioptr as _);
+            bindings::pci_iounmap(pdev.as_raw(), ioptr as *mut kernel::ffi::c_void);
             bindings::pci_release_region(pdev.as_raw(), num);
         }
     }

rust/kernel/str.rs

@@ -728,9 +728,9 @@ impl RawFormatter {
     pub(crate) unsafe fn from_ptrs(pos: *mut u8, end: *mut u8) -> Self {
         // INVARIANT: The safety requirements guarantee the type invariants.
         Self {
-            beg: pos as _,
-            pos: pos as _,
-            end: end as _,
+            beg: pos as usize,
+            pos: pos as usize,
+            end: end as usize,
         }
     }
 
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ impl RawFormatter {
     ///
     /// N.B. It may point to invalid memory.
     pub(crate) fn pos(&self) -> *mut u8 {
-        self.pos as _
+        self.pos as *mut u8
     }
 
     /// Returns the number of bytes written to the formatter.

rust/kernel/workqueue.rs

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ impl Queue {
         unsafe {
             w.__enqueue(move |work_ptr| {
                 bindings::queue_work_on(
-                    bindings::wq_misc_consts_WORK_CPU_UNBOUND as _,
+                    bindings::wq_misc_consts_WORK_CPU_UNBOUND as ffi::c_int,
                     queue_ptr,
                     work_ptr,
                 )