math: Refactor how to use libm-test-ulps

The current approach tracks math maximum supported errors by explicitly
setting them per function and architecture. On newer implementations or
new compiler versions, the file is updated with newer values if it
shows higher results. The idea is to track the maximum known error, to
update the manual with the obtained values.

The constant libm-test-ulps shows little value, where it is usually a
mechanical change done by the maintainer, for past releases it is
usually ignored whether the ulp change resulted from a compiler
regression, and the math tests already have a maximum ulp error that
triggers a regression.

It was shown by a recent update after the new acosf [1] implementation
that is correctly rounded, where the libm-test-ulps was indeed from a
compiler issue.

This patch removes all arch-specific libm-test-ulps, adds system generic
libm-test-ulps where applicable, and changes its semantics. The generic
files now track specific implementation constraints, like if it is
expected to be correctly rounded, or if the system-specific has
different error expectations.

Now multiple libm-test-ulps can be defined, and system-specific
overrides generic implementation.  This is for the case where
arch-specific implementation might show worse precision than generic
implementation, for instance, the cbrtf on i686.

Regressions are only reported if the implementation shows larger errors
than 9 ulps (13 for IBM long double) unless it is overridden by
libm-test-ulps and the maximum error is not printed at the end of tests.
The regen-ulps rule is also removed since it does not make sense to
update the libm-test-ulps automatically.

The manual error table is also removed, Paul Zimmermann and others have
been tracking libm precision with a more comprehensive analysis for some
releases; so link to his work instead.

[1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=9cc9f8e11e8fb8f54f1e84d9f024917634a78201
This commit is contained in:
Adhemerval Zanella 2025-01-28 18:22:44 -03:00
parent eea6f1e079
commit 3e8814903c
62 changed files with 414 additions and 33866 deletions

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@ -38,7 +38,3 @@ install:
bench bench-clean bench-build:
$(MAKE) -C $(srcdir)/benchtests $(PARALLELMFLAGS) objdir=`pwd` $@
# Convenience target to rebuild ULPs for all math tests.
regen-ulps:
$(MAKE) -C $(srcdir)/math $(PARALLELMFLAGS) objdir=`pwd` $@

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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ examples = $(filter %.c.texi, $(texis))
# Generated files directly included from libc.texinfo.
libc-texi-generated = chapters.texi top-menu.texi dir-add.texi \
libm-err.texi version.texi pkgvers.texi
version.texi pkgvers.texi
# Add path to build dir for generated files
texis-path := $(filter-out $(libc-texi-generated) summary.texi $(examples), \
@ -111,16 +111,6 @@ $(objpfx)dir-add.texi: xtract-typefun.awk $(texis-path)
echo "@end direntry") > $@.new
mv -f $@.new $@
# The table with the math errors is generated.
$(objpfx)libm-err.texi: $(objpfx)stamp-libm-err
$(objpfx)stamp-libm-err: $(..)math/gen-libm-test.py \
$(wildcard $(foreach dir,$(sysdirs),\
$(dir)/libm-test-ulps))
pwd=`pwd`; \
$(PYTHON) $< -s $$pwd/.. -m $(objpfx)libm-err-tmp
$(move-if-change) $(objpfx)libm-err-tmp $(objpfx)libm-err.texi
touch $@
# Package version and bug reporting URL.
$(objpfx)pkgvers.texi: $(objpfx)stamp-pkgvers ;
$(objpfx)stamp-pkgvers: $(common-objpfx)config.make

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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ aarch64, alpha, loongarch, mips64, riscv, s390 and sparc.
* Exponents and Logarithms:: Also pow and sqrt.
* Hyperbolic Functions:: sinh, cosh, tanh, etc.
* Special Functions:: Bessel, gamma, erf.
* Errors in Math Functions:: Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions.
* Errors in Math Functions:: Remarks in Errors in Math Functions.
* Pseudo-Random Numbers:: Functions for generating pseudo-random
numbers.
* FP Function Optimizations:: Fast code or small code.
@ -1461,12 +1461,11 @@ extensions.
@end deftypefun
@node Errors in Math Functions
@section Known Maximum Errors in Math Functions
@section Errors in Math Functions
@cindex math errors
@cindex ulps
This section lists the known errors of the functions in the math
library. Errors are measured in ``units of the last place''. This is a
Errors are measured in ``units of the last place''. This is a
measure for the relative error. For a number @math{z} with the
representation @math{d.d@dots{}d@mul{}2^e} (we assume IEEE
floating-point numbers with base 2) the ULP is represented by
@ -1576,22 +1575,25 @@ functions.
@end itemize
Therefore many of the functions in the math library have errors. The
table lists the maximum error for each function which is exposed by one
of the existing tests in the test suite. The table tries to cover as much
as possible and list the actual maximum error (or at least a ballpark
figure) but this is often not achieved due to the large search space.
math testsuite only flags results larger than 9ulp (or 16 for IBM
@code{long double} format) as errors; although most of the implementations
show errors smaller than the limit.
The table lists the ULP values for different architectures. Different
architectures have different results since their hardware support for
floating-point operations varies and also the existing hardware support
is different. Only the round-to-nearest rounding mode is covered by
this table. Functions not listed do not have known errors. Vector
versions of functions in the x86_64 libmvec library have a maximum error
of 4 ulps.
A more comprehensive analysis of @theglibc{} math functions precision could
be found in 'Accuracy of Mathematical Functions in Single, Double, Double
Extended, and Quadruple Precision'; Brian Gladman, Vincenzo Innocente,
John Mather, and Paul Zimmermann at
@url{<https://inria.hal.science/hal-03141101>}. It does not cover complex
functions, nor @code{jn}/@code{yn}, and it is only for x86_64, and for
rounding to nearest, and does not cover any architecture variations (in
particular IBM @code{long double} is out of scope).
@page
@c This multitable does not fit on a single page
@include libm-err.texi
For complex functions, some analysis of @theglibc{} math functions can be
found in 'Accuracy of Complex Mathematical Operations and Functions in Single
and Double Precision'; Paul Caprioli, Vincenzo Innocente, Paul Zimmermann
at @url{https://inria.hal.science/hal-04714173}. It only covers @code{float}
and @code{double}, only for x86_64, and for rounding to nearest, and does not
cover any architecture variations.
@node Pseudo-Random Numbers
@section Pseudo-Random Numbers

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@ -621,11 +621,13 @@ libm-vec-test-wrappers = $(addsuffix -wrappers, $(libm-vec-tests))
test-extras += $(libm-vec-test-wrappers)
extra-test-objs += $(addsuffix .o, $(libm-vec-test-wrappers))
ulps-file = $(firstword $(wildcard $(sysdirs:%=%/libm-test-ulps)))
ulps-file = $(wildcard $(sysdirs:%=%/libm-test-ulps))
space := $(subst ,, )
$(objpfx)libm-test-ulps.h: $(ulps-file) gen-libm-test.py
$(make-target-directory)
$(PYTHON) gen-libm-test.py -u $< -H $@
$(PYTHON) gen-libm-test.py -u $(subst $(space),:,$(ulps-file)) -H $@
libm-test-funcs-auto = \
acos \
@ -1301,29 +1303,6 @@ endef
object-suffixes-left := $(test-types)
include $(o-iterator)
# Run the math programs to automatically generate ULPs files.
.PHONY: regen-ulps
run-regen-ulps = $(test-wrapper-env) \
$(run-program-env) \
$($*-ENV) $(rtld-prefix) $(objpfx)$${run}
regen-ulps: $(addprefix $(objpfx),$(libm-tests))
rm -f $(objpfx)ULPs; rm -f $(objpfx)NewUlps; \
cp $(ulps-file) $(objpfx)libm-test-ulps; \
for run in $(libm-tests); do \
echo "Regenerating ULPs for $${run}"; \
$(run-regen-ulps) -u -o $(objpfx); \
cat $(objpfx)ULPs >> $(objpfx)libm-test-ulps; \
rm $(objpfx)ULPs; \
done; \
$(PYTHON) gen-libm-test.py -n $(objpfx)NewUlps \
-u $(objpfx)libm-test-ulps; \
echo "Automatic regeneration of ULPs complete."; \
echo "Difference between the current baseline and the new baseline is:";\
diff -urN $(ulps-file) $(objpfx)NewUlps; \
echo "Copy $(objpfx)NewUlps to $(ulps-file) (relative to source)."
# The generated sysd-rules file defines rules like this for sources
# coming from sysdeps/ directories. These rules find the generic sources.
define o-iterator-doit

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@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ libm. These files, along with generated files named
cases for each math function that are specific to the target platform
but still independent of the real floating type. The results of the
processing are "libm-test-<func>.c" and a file "libm-test-ulps.h" with
platform specific deltas by which the actual math function results may
deviate from the expected results and still be considered correct.
specific math results that can be either generic for the floating
type or platform specific.
The test drivers "test-double-<func>.c", "test-float-<func>.c", and
"test-ldouble-<func>.c", generated by the Makefile, test the normal
@ -42,13 +42,11 @@ of macros just before including the generic "libm-test.c" file. Each
driver is compiled into a single executable test program with the
corresponding name.
As mentioned above, the "gen-libm-test.py" script looks for a file
named "libm-test-ulps" in the platform specific sysdep directory (or
its fpu or nofpu subdirectory) and for each variant (real floating
type and rounding mode) of every tested function reads from it the
maximum difference expressed as Units of Least Precision (ULP) the
actual result of the function may deviate from the expected result
before it's considered incorrect.
The math tests do not report up to 9 Units of Least Precision (ULP)
(13 for IBM long double format) difference between the obtained
result and the expected one as a regression. The "gen-libm-test.py"
script looks for files named "libm-test-ulps" in the sysdep directories
to generate the "libm-test-ulps.h" file.
The "auto-libm-test-out-<func>" files contain sets of test cases to
exercise, the conditions under which to exercise each, and the
@ -57,29 +55,39 @@ expected results. The files are generated by the
the comments in gen-auto-libm-tests.c for details about the content
and format of the -in and -out files.
How can I generate "libm-test-ulps"?
How can I use "libm-test-ulps"?
====================================
To automatically generate a new "libm-test-ulps" run "make regen-ulps".
This generates the file "math/NewUlps" in the build directory. The file
contains the sorted results of all the tests. You can use the "NewUlps"
file as the machine's updated "libm-test-ulps" file. Copy "NewUlps" to
"libm-test-ulps" in the appropriate machine sysdep directory. Verify
the changes, post your patch, and check it in after review.
A "libm-test-ulps" is required only to test for extra constraints in
the math tests. The file contains lines for maximal errors of single
functions, like:
To manually generate a new "libm-test-ulps" file, first remove "ULPs"
file in the current directory, then you can execute for example:
./testrun.sh math/test-double -u --ignore-max-ulp=yes
This generates a file "ULPs" with all double ULPs in it, ignoring any
previously calculated ULPs, and running with the newly built dynamic
loader and math library (assumes you didn't install your build). Now
generate the ULPs for all other formats, the tests will be appending the
data to the "ULPs" file. As final step run "gen-libm-test.py" with the
file as input and ask to generate a pretty printed output in the file
"NewUlps":
gen-libm-test.py -u ULPs -n NewUlps
Copy "NewUlps" to "libm-test-ulps" in the appropriate machine sysdep
directory.
Function "yn":
float: 2
double: 6
It means that if the "yn" shows error larger than 2 ULP for float
or 6 ULP for double, the related test for "symbol" will fail. It can
be useful to check for correctly rounded implementation, where the
expected ULP is 0.
The function is tested with default FE_TONEAREST rounding mode. To
check with a different one, the function definition name should be
prepended with an underline plus the rounding mode 'downward' (FE_DOWNWARD),
'towardzero' (FE_TOWARDZERO), or 'upward' (FE_UPWARD). For instance,
Function "yn_downward":
float: 3
double: 7
It means that 'yn' will be checked with FE_DOWNWARD rounding mode
and any error larger than 3 ULPs for float or 7 ULPs for double will be
reported as a regression.
The keywords are float, double, ldouble, and float128.
Also, multiple "libm-test-ulps" can be added, "gen-libm-test.py" will
merge the input in only one table.
Note that the test drivers have an option "-u" to output an unsorted
list of all epsilons that the functions have. The output can be read
@ -87,16 +95,6 @@ in directly but it's better to pretty print it first.
"gen-libm-test.py" has an option to generate a pretty-printed and
sorted new ULPs file from the output of the test drivers.
Contents of libm-test-ulps
==========================
Since libm-test-ulps can be generated automatically, just a few notes.
The file contains lines for maximal errors of single functions, like:
Function "yn":
double: 6
The keywords are float, double, and ldouble.
Adding tests to libm-test-<func>.inc
====================================

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@ -121,19 +121,20 @@ class Ulps(object):
"""Initialize an Ulps object."""
# normal[function][float_type] is the ulps value, and likewise
# for real and imag.
self.normal = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))
self.real = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))
self.imag = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))
self.normal = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: -1))
self.real = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: -1))
self.imag = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: -1))
# List of ulps kinds, in the order in which they appear in
# sorted ulps files.
self.ulps_kinds = (('Real part of ', self.real),
('Imaginary part of ', self.imag),
('', self.normal))
self.ulps_file = []
self
def read(self, ulps_file):
"""Read ulps from a file into an Ulps object."""
self.ulps_file = ulps_file
self.ulps_file.append(ulps_file)
with open(ulps_file, 'r') as f:
ulps_dict = None
ulps_fn = None
@ -165,10 +166,7 @@ class Ulps(object):
if line_first not in ALL_FLOATS:
raise ValueError('bad ulps line: %s' % line)
ulps_val = int(line_second)
if ulps_val > 0:
ulps_dict[ulps_fn][line_first] = max(
ulps_dict[ulps_fn][line_first],
ulps_val)
ulps_dict[ulps_fn][line_first] = ulps_val
def all_functions(self):
"""Return the set of functions with ulps and whether they are
@ -181,27 +179,6 @@ class Ulps(object):
complex[f] = True if k_prefix else False
return funcs, complex
def write(self, ulps_file):
"""Write ulps back out as a sorted ulps file."""
# Output is sorted first by function name, then by (real,
# imag, normal), then by float type.
out_data = {}
for order, (prefix, d) in enumerate(self.ulps_kinds):
for fn in d.keys():
fn_data = ['%s: %d' % (f, d[fn][f])
for f in sorted(d[fn].keys())]
fn_text = 'Function: %s"%s":\n%s' % (prefix, fn,
'\n'.join(fn_data))
out_data[(fn, order)] = fn_text
out_list = [out_data[fn_order] for fn_order in sorted(out_data.keys())]
out_text = ('# Begin of automatic generation\n\n'
'# Maximal error of functions:\n'
'%s\n\n'
'# end of automatic generation\n'
% '\n\n'.join(out_list))
with open(ulps_file, 'w') as f:
f.write(out_text)
@staticmethod
def ulps_table(name, ulps_dict):
"""Return text of a C table of ulps."""
@ -227,7 +204,7 @@ class Ulps(object):
' const char *name;\n'
' FLOAT max_ulp[%d];\n'
'};'
% (self.ulps_file, len(ALL_FLOATS)))
% (', '.join(self.ulps_file), len(ALL_FLOATS)))
macro_list = []
for i, f in enumerate(ALL_FLOATS):
if f.startswith('i'):
@ -251,18 +228,6 @@ class Ulps(object):
f.write(header_text)
def read_all_ulps(srcdir):
"""Read all platforms' libm-test-ulps files."""
all_ulps = {}
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(srcdir):
if 'libm-test-ulps' in filenames:
with open(os.path.join(dirpath, 'libm-test-ulps-name')) as f:
name = f.read().rstrip()
all_ulps[name] = Ulps()
all_ulps[name].read(os.path.join(dirpath, 'libm-test-ulps'))
return all_ulps
def read_auto_tests(test_file):
"""Read tests from auto-libm-test-out-<function> (possibly None)."""
auto_tests = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
@ -653,12 +618,8 @@ def main():
help='input file with automatically generated tests')
parser.add_argument('-c', dest='inc_input', metavar='FILE',
help='input file .inc file with tests')
parser.add_argument('-u', dest='ulps_file', metavar='FILE',
help='input file with ulps')
parser.add_argument('-s', dest='srcdir', metavar='DIR',
help='input source directory with all ulps')
parser.add_argument('-n', dest='ulps_output', metavar='FILE',
help='generate sorted ulps file FILE')
parser.add_argument('-u', dest='ulps_file', metavar='list',
help='input files with ulps (multiple input separated by colon')
parser.add_argument('-C', dest='c_output', metavar='FILE',
help='generate output C file FILE from .inc file')
parser.add_argument('-H', dest='ulps_header', metavar='FILE',
@ -668,12 +629,11 @@ def main():
args = parser.parse_args()
ulps = Ulps()
if args.ulps_file is not None:
ulps.read(args.ulps_file)
# Iterate in reverse order so arch specific definitions can override
# the generic ones.
for ulp_file in reversed(args.ulps_file.split(':')):
ulps.read(ulp_file)
auto_tests = read_auto_tests(args.auto_input)
if args.srcdir is not None:
all_ulps = read_all_ulps(args.srcdir)
if args.ulps_output is not None:
ulps.write(args.ulps_output)
if args.ulps_header is not None:
ulps.write_header(args.ulps_header)
if args.c_output is not None:

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@ -109,10 +109,12 @@
#include "libm-test-support.h"
#include <array_length.h>
#include <argp.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
/* This header defines func_ulps, func_real_ulps and func_imag_ulps
arrays. */
@ -146,6 +148,8 @@ static FLOAT prev_max_error, prev_real_max_error, prev_imag_max_error;
static FLOAT max_valid_error;
static bool is_complex = false;
/* Sufficient numbers of digits to represent any floating-point value
unambiguously (for any choice of the number of bits in the first
hex digit, in the case of TYPE_HEX_DIG). When used with printf
@ -186,6 +190,20 @@ fmt_ftostr (char *dest, size_t size, int precision, const char *conversion,
FTOSTR (dest, size, format, value);
}
static FLOAT
default_max_valid_error (int exact, int testing_ibm128)
{
if (testing_ibm128)
/* The documented accuracy of IBM long double division is 3ulp
(see libgcc/config/rs6000/ibm-ldouble-format), so do not
require better accuracy for libm functions that are exactly
defined for other formats. */
return max_valid_error = exact ? 3 : 16;
else
return max_valid_error = exact ? 0 : 9;
}
/* Compare KEY (a string, with the name of a function) with ULP (a
pointer to a struct ulp_data structure), returning a value less
than, equal to or greater than zero for use in bsearch. */
@ -204,14 +222,17 @@ static const int ulp_idx = ULP_IDX;
no ulps listed. */
static FLOAT
find_ulps (const char *name, const struct ulp_data *data, size_t nmemb)
find_ulps (const char *name, const struct ulp_data *data, size_t nmemb,
int exact, int testing_ibm128)
{
const struct ulp_data *entry = bsearch (name, data, nmemb, sizeof (*data),
compare_ulp_data);
if (entry == NULL)
return 0;
return default_max_valid_error (exact, testing_ibm128);
else
return entry->max_ulp[ulp_idx];
return entry->max_ulp[ulp_idx] == -1
? default_max_valid_error (exact, testing_ibm128)
: entry->max_ulp[ulp_idx];
}
void
@ -221,22 +242,15 @@ init_max_error (const char *name, int exact, int testing_ibm128)
real_max_error = 0;
imag_max_error = 0;
test_ibm128 = testing_ibm128;
prev_max_error = find_ulps (name, func_ulps,
sizeof (func_ulps) / sizeof (func_ulps[0]));
prev_max_error = find_ulps (name, func_ulps, array_length (func_ulps),
exact, testing_ibm128);
prev_real_max_error = find_ulps (name, func_real_ulps,
(sizeof (func_real_ulps)
/ sizeof (func_real_ulps[0])));
array_length (func_real_ulps), exact,
testing_ibm128);
prev_imag_max_error = find_ulps (name, func_imag_ulps,
(sizeof (func_imag_ulps)
/ sizeof (func_imag_ulps[0])));
if (testing_ibm128)
/* The documented accuracy of IBM long double division is 3ulp
(see libgcc/config/rs6000/ibm-ldouble-format), so do not
require better accuracy for libm functions that are exactly
defined for other formats. */
max_valid_error = exact ? 3 : 16;
else
max_valid_error = exact ? 0 : 9;
array_length (func_imag_ulps),
exact, testing_ibm128);
max_valid_error = default_max_valid_error (exact, testing_ibm128);
prev_max_error = (prev_max_error <= max_valid_error
? prev_max_error
: max_valid_error);
@ -476,6 +490,8 @@ check_complex_max_error (const char *func_name)
update_stats (ok, TEST_MAXERROR);
print_test_end (thisTest, func_name, TEST_MAXERROR);
is_complex = true;
}
@ -1322,6 +1338,22 @@ libm_test_finish (void)
fclose (ulps_file);
printf ("\nTest suite completed:\n");
printf (" Maximum error found of ");
if (is_complex)
{
char rmestr[FSTR_MAX];
char imestr[FSTR_MAX];
FTOSTR (rmestr, FSTR_MAX, "%.0f", FUNC (ceil) (real_max_error));
FTOSTR (imestr, FSTR_MAX, "%.0f", FUNC (ceil) (imag_max_error));
printf ("`%s' ulp for real part and `%s' ulp for imaginary part\n",
rmestr, imestr);
}
else
{
char mestr[FSTR_MAX];
FTOSTR (mestr, FSTR_MAX, "%.0f", FUNC (ceil) (max_error));
printf ("`%s' ulp\n", mestr);
}
printf (" %d max error test cases,\n", noMaxErrorTests);
printf (" %d input tests,\n", noTests);
printf (" - with %d tests for exception flags,\n", noExcTests);

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
AArch64

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
Alpha

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
ARC

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@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
# Begin of automatic generation
# Maximal error of functions:
Function: "acos":
double: 1
Function: "acosh":
double: 2
Function: "acospi":
double: 2
Function: "asin":
double: 1
Function: "asinh":
double: 2
Function: "asinpi":
double: 1
Function: "atan":
double: 1
Function: "atan2pi":
double: 1
Function: "atanh":
double: 2
Function: "atanpi":
double: 2
Function: "cabs":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "cacos":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacos":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cacosh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacosh":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "casin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "casin":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "casinh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "casinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cbrt":
double: 4
Function: Real part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "cexp":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "cexp":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "clog":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "clog":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "clog10":
double: 3
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "clog10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "cos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cosh":
double: 2
Function: "cospi":
double: 2
Function: Real part of "cpow":
double: 2
float: 5
Function: Imaginary part of "cpow":
float: 2
Function: Real part of "csin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "csin":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csinh":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "csinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "ctan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ctan":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "erf":
double: 1
Function: "erfc":
double: 5
Function: "exp":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "exp10":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "exp10m1":
double: 3
Function: "exp2":
double: 1
Function: "exp2m1":
double: 2
Function: "expm1":
double: 1
Function: "gamma":
double: 4
float: 7
Function: "hypot":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "j0":
double: 2
float: 9
Function: "j1":
double: 4
float: 9
Function: "jn":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: "lgamma":
double: 4
Function: "log10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "log10p1":
double: 1
Function: "log1p":
double: 1
Function: "log2":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "log2p1":
double: 1
Function: "logp1":
double: 1
Function: "pow":
double: 1
Function: "sin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sincos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sinh":
double: 2
Function: "sinpi":
double: 2
Function: "tanh":
double: 2
Function: "tanpi":
double: 3
Function: "tgamma":
double: 9
Function: "y0":
double: 3
float: 9
Function: "y1":
double: 3
float: 9
Function: "yn":
double: 3
float: 3
# end of automatic generation

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ARC soft-float

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ARM

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CSKY

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CSKY soft-float

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# File with deltas for math/libm-test
# This file is the fallback and contains
# no data
# You can create a new file with e.g. `test-double -u'
# followed by `gen-libm-test.py -u ULPs -n'.

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Generic

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HPPA

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ix86

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# Maximal error of functions:
Function: "acos":
float: 0
Function: "acos_downward":
float: 0
Function: "acos_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "acos_upward":
float: 0
Function: "acosh":
float: 0
Function: "acosh_downward":
float: 0
Function: "acosh_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "acosh_upward":
float: 0
Function: "asin":
float: 0
Function: "asin_downward":
float: 0
Function: "asin_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "asin_upward":
float: 0
Function: "asinh":
float: 0
Function: "asinh_downward":
float: 0
Function: "asinh_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "asinh_upward":
float: 0
Function: "atan":
float: 0
Function: "atan_downward":
float: 0
Function: "atan_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "atan_upward":
float: 0
Function: "atan2":
float: 0
Function: "atan2_downward":
float: 0
Function: "atan2_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "atan2_upward":
float: 0
Function: "atanh":
float: 0
Function: "atanh_downward":
float: 0
Function: "atanh_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "atanh_upward":
float: 0
Function: "cbrt":
float: 0
Function: "cbrt_downward":
float: 0
Function: "cbrt_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "cbrt_upward":
float: 0
Function: "cosh":
float: 0
Function: "cosh_downward":
float: 0
Function: "cosh_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "cosh_upward":
float: 0
Function: "erf":
float: 0
Function: "erf_downward":
float: 0
Function: "erf_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "erf_upward":
float: 0
Function: "erfc":
float: 0
Function: "erfc_downward":
float: 0
Function: "erfc_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "erfc_upward":
float: 0
Function: "exp10m1":
float: 0
Function: "exp10m1_downward":
float: 0
Function: "exp10m1_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "exp10m1_upward":
float: 0
Function: "exp2m":
float: 0
Function: "exp2m_downward":
float: 0
Function: "exp2m_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "exp2m_upward":
float: 0
Function: "expm1":
float: 0
Function: "expm1_downward":
float: 0
Function: "expm1_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "expm1_upward":
float: 0
Function: "gamma":
float: 0
Function: "gamma_downward":
float: 0
Function: "gamma_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "gamma_upward":
float: 0
Function: "lgamma":
float: 0
Function: "lgamma_downward":
float: 0
Function: "lgamma_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "lgamma_upward":
float: 0
Function: "log10":
float: 0
Function: "log10_downward":
float: 0
Function: "log10_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "log10_upward":
float: 0
Function: "log10":
float: 0
Function: "log10_downward":
float: 0
Function: "log10_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "log10_upward":
float: 0
Function: "log10p":
float: 0
Function: "log10p_downward":
float: 0
Function: "log10p_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "log10p_upward":
float: 0
Function: "log1p":
float: 0
Function: "log1p_downward":
float: 0
Function: "log1p_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "log1p_upward":
float: 0
Function: "log2p1":
float: 0
Function: "log2p1_downward":
float: 0
Function: "log2p1_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "log2p1_upward":
float: 0
Function: "sinh":
float: 0
Function: "sinh_downward":
float: 0
Function: "sinh_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "sinh_upward":
float: 0
Function: "tan":
float: 0
Function: "tan_downward":
float: 0
Function: "tan_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "tan_upward":
float: 0
Function: "tan":
float: 0
Function: "tan_downward":
float: 0
Function: "tan_towardzero":
float: 0
Function: "tan_upward":
float: 0

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LoongArch 64-bit

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# Begin of automatic generation
# Maximal error of functions:
Function: "atan2":
Function: "atanh":
Function: Imaginary part of "cacosh":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "casin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "casinh":
double: 5
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "casinh":
double: 3
float: 6
Function: Imaginary part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catanh":
double: 4
Function: "cbrt":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccos":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccosh":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "cexp":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "cexp":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "clog":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "clog10":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "clog10":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cos":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Real part of "cpow":
double: 2
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "cpow":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "csinh":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "csinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csqrt":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ctan":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "ctanh":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "ctanh":
float: 1
Function: "erf":
double: 1
Function: "erfc":
double: 1
Function: "exp10":
double: 6
float: 2
Function: "expm1":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "hypot":
float: 1
Function: "j0":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "j1":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: "jn":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: "lgamma":
double: 1
Function: "log10":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: "sincos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "tan":
double: 1
Function: "tgamma":
double: 1
Function: "y0":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "y1":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "yn":
double: 3
float: 2
# end of automatic generation

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ColdFire

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M68k

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# Begin of automatic generation
# Maximal error of functions:
Function: "acos":
Function: "acosh":
double: 2
Function: "asin":
Function: "asinh":
double: 1
Function: "atan":
Function: "atan2":
Function: "atanh":
double: 2
Function: "cabs":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "cacos":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacos":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cacosh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacosh":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: "carg":
Function: Real part of "casin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "casin":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "casinh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "casinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cbrt":
double: 3
Function: Real part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "cexp":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "cexp":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "clog":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "clog":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "clog10":
double: 3
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "clog10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "cos":
float: 1
Function: "cosh":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "cpow":
double: 2
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "cpow":
float: 2
Function: Real part of "csin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csinh":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "csinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "ctan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ctan":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "erf":
double: 1
Function: "erfc":
double: 3
Function: "exp":
float: 1
Function: "exp10":
double: 2
Function: "exp2":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "expm1":
double: 1
Function: "gamma":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: "hypot":
double: 1
Function: "j0":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "j1":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: "jn":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: "lgamma":
double: 4
Function: "log":
float: 1
Function: "log10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "log1p":
double: 1
Function: "log2":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "logp1":
double: 1
Function: "pow":
float: 1
Function: "sin":
float: 1
Function: "sincos":
float: 1
Function: "sinh":
double: 2
Function: "tanh":
double: 2
Function: "tgamma":
double: 5
Function: "y0":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "y1":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "yn":
double: 3
float: 2
# end of automatic generation

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MicroBlaze

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MIPS 32-bit

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MIPS 64-bit

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OpenRISC hard-float

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OpenRISC soft-float

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PowerPC

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PowerPC soft-float

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RISC-V soft-float

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RISC-V 64-bit

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S/390

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# Begin of automatic generation
# Maximal error of functions:
Function: "acos":
Function: "acos_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "acosh":
double: 2
Function: "acosh_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "asin":
Function: "asin_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "asinh":
double: 2
Function: "asinh_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "atan":
Function: "atan2":
Function: "atan2_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "atan_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "atanh":
double: 2
Function: "atanh_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "cabs":
double: 1
Function: "cabs_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "cacos":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacos":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cacos_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacos_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cacosh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacosh":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cacosh_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cacosh_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "carg":
Function: "carg_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: Real part of "casin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "casin":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "casin_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "casin_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 2
Function: Real part of "casinh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "casinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "casinh_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "casinh_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catan_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "catan_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "catanh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "catanh_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "catanh_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: "cbrt":
double: 4
Function: "cbrt_towardzero":
double: 3
Function: Real part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ccos_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "ccos_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Real part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ccosh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "ccosh_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "ccosh_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Real part of "cexp":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "cexp":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cexp_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "cexp_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Real part of "clog":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "clog":
float: 1
Function: Real part of "clog10":
double: 3
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "clog10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "clog10_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 5
Function: Imaginary part of "clog10_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 3
Function: Real part of "clog_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: Imaginary part of "clog_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 3
Function: "cos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cos_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "cosh":
double: 2
Function: "cosh_towardzero":
double: 3
Function: Real part of "cpow":
double: 2
float: 5
Function: Imaginary part of "cpow":
float: 2
Function: Real part of "cpow_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 8
Function: Imaginary part of "cpow_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 2
Function: Real part of "csin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csin_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "csin_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csinh":
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "csinh":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Real part of "csinh_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "csinh_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: Real part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "csqrt":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "csqrt_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "csqrt_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 3
Function: Real part of "ctan":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: Imaginary part of "ctan":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "ctan_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "ctan_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 3
Function: Real part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Imaginary part of "ctanh":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: Real part of "ctanh_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 3
Function: Imaginary part of "ctanh_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 3
Function: "erf":
double: 1
Function: "erf_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "erfc":
double: 5
Function: "erfc_towardzero":
double: 3
Function: "exp":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "exp10":
double: 2
Function: "exp10_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 1
Function: "exp2":
double: 1
Function: "exp2_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "exp_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "expm1":
double: 1
Function: "expm1_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "fma_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "gamma":
double: 4
float: 3
Function: "gamma_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 3
Function: "hypot":
double: 1
Function: "hypot_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "j0":
double: 2
float: 8
Function: "j0_towardzero":
double: 4
float: 6
Function: "j1":
double: 2
float: 8
Function: "j1_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "jn":
double: 4
float: 4
Function: "jn_towardzero":
double: 5
float: 5
Function: "lgamma":
double: 4
Function: "lgamma_towardzero":
double: 5
Function: "log":
float: 1
Function: "log10":
double: 2
float: 2
Function: "log10_towardzero":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "log1p":
double: 1
Function: "log1p_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "log2":
double: 2
float: 1
Function: "log2_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "logp1":
double: 1
Function: "logp1_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "pow":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "pow_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sin":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sin_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sincos":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sincos_towardzero":
double: 1
float: 1
Function: "sinh":
double: 2
Function: "sinh_towardzero":
double: 3
Function: "tan_towardzero":
double: 1
Function: "tanh":
double: 2
Function: "tanh_towardzero":
double: 2
Function: "tgamma":
double: 9
Function: "tgamma_towardzero":
double: 9
Function: "y0":
double: 3
float: 6
Function: "y0_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: "y1":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "y1_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 2
Function: "yn":
double: 3
float: 3
Function: "yn_towardzero":
double: 3
float: 3
# end of automatic generation

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SH

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Sparc

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x86_64