glibc/nptl/pthread_mutex_trylock.c

/* Copyright (C) 2002-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "pthreadP.h"
#include <lowlevellock.h>
#include <futex-internal.h>

int
___pthread_mutex_trylock (pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
{
  int oldval;
  pid_t id = THREAD_GETMEM (THREAD_SELF, tid);

  /* See concurrency notes regarding mutex type which is loaded from __kind
     in struct __pthread_mutex_s in sysdeps/nptl/bits/thread-shared-types.h.  */
  switch (__builtin_expect (PTHREAD_MUTEX_TYPE (mutex),
			    PTHREAD_MUTEX_TIMED_NP))
    {
      /* Recursive mutex.  */
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP:
      /* Check whether we already hold the mutex.  */
      if (mutex->__data.__owner == id)
	{
	  /* Just bump the counter.  */
	  if (__glibc_unlikely (mutex->__data.__count + 1 == 0))
	    /* Overflow of the counter.  */
	    return EAGAIN;

	  ++mutex->__data.__count;
	  return 0;
	}

      if (atomic_load_relaxed (&(mutex->__data.__lock)) == 0
	  && lll_trylock (mutex->__data.__lock) == 0)
	{
	  /* Record the ownership.  */
	  mutex->__data.__owner = id;
	  mutex->__data.__count = 1;
	  ++mutex->__data.__nusers;
	  return 0;
	}
      break;

    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_TIMED_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ADAPTIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK_NP:
      /* Mutex type is already loaded, lock check overhead should
         be minimal.  */
      if (atomic_load_relaxed (&(mutex->__data.__lock)) != 0
	  || lll_trylock (mutex->__data.__lock) != 0)
	break;

      /* Record the ownership.  */
      mutex->__data.__owner = id;
      ++mutex->__data.__nusers;

      return 0;

    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_RECURSIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_ERRORCHECK_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NORMAL_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_ADAPTIVE_NP:
      THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending,
		     &mutex->__data.__list.__next);
      /* We need to set op_pending before starting the operation.  Also
	 see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
      __asm ("" ::: "memory");

      oldval = mutex->__data.__lock;
      do
	{
	again:
	  if ((oldval & FUTEX_OWNER_DIED) != 0)
	    {
	      /* The previous owner died.  Try locking the mutex.  */
	      int newval = id | (oldval & FUTEX_WAITERS);

	      newval
		= atomic_compare_and_exchange_val_acq (&mutex->__data.__lock,
						       newval, oldval);

	      if (newval != oldval)
		{
		  oldval = newval;
		  goto again;
		}

	      /* We got the mutex.  */
	      mutex->__data.__count = 1;
	      /* But it is inconsistent unless marked otherwise.  */
	      mutex->__data.__owner = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INCONSISTENT;

	      /* We must not enqueue the mutex before we have acquired it.
		 Also see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
	      __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	      ENQUEUE_MUTEX (mutex);
	      /* We need to clear op_pending after we enqueue the mutex.  */
	      __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	      THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

	      /* Note that we deliberately exit here.  If we fall
		 through to the end of the function __nusers would be
		 incremented which is not correct because the old
		 owner has to be discounted.  */
	      return EOWNERDEAD;
	    }

	  /* Check whether we already hold the mutex.  */
	  if (__glibc_unlikely ((oldval & FUTEX_TID_MASK) == id))
	    {
	      int kind = PTHREAD_MUTEX_TYPE (mutex);
	      if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_ERRORCHECK_NP)
		{
		  /* We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another memory
		     access.  Also see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX. */
		  THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending,
				 NULL);
		  return EDEADLK;
		}

	      if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_RECURSIVE_NP)
		{
		  /* We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another memory
		     access.  */
		  THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending,
				 NULL);

		  /* Just bump the counter.  */
		  if (__glibc_unlikely (mutex->__data.__count + 1 == 0))
		    /* Overflow of the counter.  */
		    return EAGAIN;

		  ++mutex->__data.__count;

		  return 0;
		}
	    }

	  oldval = atomic_compare_and_exchange_val_acq (&mutex->__data.__lock,
							id, 0);
	  if (oldval != 0 && (oldval & FUTEX_OWNER_DIED) == 0)
	    {
	      /* We haven't acquired the lock as it is already acquired by
		 another owner.  We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another
		 memory access.  */
	      THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

	      return EBUSY;
	    }

	  if (__builtin_expect (mutex->__data.__owner
				== PTHREAD_MUTEX_NOTRECOVERABLE, 0))
	    {
	      /* This mutex is now not recoverable.  */
	      mutex->__data.__count = 0;
	      if (oldval == id)
		lll_unlock (mutex->__data.__lock,
			    PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEX_PSHARED (mutex));
	      /* FIXME This violates the mutex destruction requirements.  See
		 __pthread_mutex_unlock_full.  */
	      THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);
	      return ENOTRECOVERABLE;
	    }
	}
      while ((oldval & FUTEX_OWNER_DIED) != 0);

      /* We must not enqueue the mutex before we have acquired it.
	 Also see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
      __asm ("" ::: "memory");
      ENQUEUE_MUTEX (mutex);
      /* We need to clear op_pending after we enqueue the mutex.  */
      __asm ("" ::: "memory");
      THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

      mutex->__data.__owner = id;
      ++mutex->__data.__nusers;
      mutex->__data.__count = 1;

      return 0;

    /* The PI support requires the Linux futex system call.  If that's not
       available, pthread_mutex_init should never have allowed the type to
       be set.  So it will get the default case for an invalid type.  */
#ifdef __NR_futex
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_RECURSIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ERRORCHECK_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_NORMAL_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ADAPTIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ROBUST_RECURSIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ROBUST_ERRORCHECK_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ROBUST_NORMAL_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PI_ROBUST_ADAPTIVE_NP:
      {
	int kind, robust;
	{
	  /* See concurrency notes regarding __kind in struct __pthread_mutex_s
	     in sysdeps/nptl/bits/thread-shared-types.h.  */
	  int mutex_kind = atomic_load_relaxed (&(mutex->__data.__kind));
	  kind = mutex_kind & PTHREAD_MUTEX_KIND_MASK_NP;
	  robust = mutex_kind & PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NORMAL_NP;
	}

	if (robust)
	  {
	    /* Note: robust PI futexes are signaled by setting bit 0.  */
	    THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending,
			   (void *) (((uintptr_t) &mutex->__data.__list.__next)
				     | 1));
	    /* We need to set op_pending before starting the operation.  Also
	       see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
	    __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	  }

	oldval = mutex->__data.__lock;

	/* Check whether we already hold the mutex.  */
	if (__glibc_unlikely ((oldval & FUTEX_TID_MASK) == id))
	  {
	    if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK_NP)
	      {
		/* We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another memory
		   access.  */
		THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);
		return EDEADLK;
	      }

	    if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP)
	      {
		/* We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another memory
		   access.  */
		THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

		/* Just bump the counter.  */
		if (__glibc_unlikely (mutex->__data.__count + 1 == 0))
		  /* Overflow of the counter.  */
		  return EAGAIN;

		++mutex->__data.__count;

		return 0;
	      }
	  }

	oldval
	  = atomic_compare_and_exchange_val_acq (&mutex->__data.__lock,
						 id, 0);

	if (oldval != 0)
	  {
	    if ((oldval & FUTEX_OWNER_DIED) == 0)
	      {
		/* We haven't acquired the lock as it is already acquired by
		   another owner.  We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another
		   memory access.  */
		THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

		return EBUSY;
	      }

	    assert (robust);

	    /* The mutex owner died.  The kernel will now take care of
	       everything.  */
	    int private = (robust
			   ? PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEX_PSHARED (mutex)
			   : PTHREAD_MUTEX_PSHARED (mutex));
	    int e = INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (futex, &mutex->__data.__lock,
					   __lll_private_flag (FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI,
							       private), 0, 0);

	    if (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERROR_P (e)
		&& INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERRNO (e) == EWOULDBLOCK)
	      {
		/* The kernel has not yet finished the mutex owner death.
		   We do not need to ensure ordering wrt another memory
		   access.  */
		THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

		return EBUSY;
	      }

	    oldval = mutex->__data.__lock;
	  }

	if (__glibc_unlikely (oldval & FUTEX_OWNER_DIED))
	  {
	    atomic_fetch_and_acquire (&mutex->__data.__lock, ~FUTEX_OWNER_DIED);

	    /* We got the mutex.  */
	    mutex->__data.__count = 1;
	    /* But it is inconsistent unless marked otherwise.  */
	    mutex->__data.__owner = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INCONSISTENT;

	    /* We must not enqueue the mutex before we have acquired it.
	       Also see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
	    __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	    ENQUEUE_MUTEX (mutex);
	    /* We need to clear op_pending after we enqueue the mutex.  */
	    __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	    THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);

	    /* Note that we deliberately exit here.  If we fall
	       through to the end of the function __nusers would be
	       incremented which is not correct because the old owner
	       has to be discounted.  */
	    return EOWNERDEAD;
	  }

	if (robust
	    && __builtin_expect (mutex->__data.__owner
				 == PTHREAD_MUTEX_NOTRECOVERABLE, 0))
	  {
	    /* This mutex is now not recoverable.  */
	    mutex->__data.__count = 0;

	    futex_unlock_pi ((unsigned int *) &mutex->__data.__lock,
			     PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEX_PSHARED (mutex));

	    /* To the kernel, this will be visible after the kernel has
	       acquired the mutex in the syscall.  */
	    THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);
	    return ENOTRECOVERABLE;
	  }

	if (robust)
	  {
	    /* We must not enqueue the mutex before we have acquired it.
	       Also see comments at ENQUEUE_MUTEX.  */
	    __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	    ENQUEUE_MUTEX_PI (mutex);
	    /* We need to clear op_pending after we enqueue the mutex.  */
	    __asm ("" ::: "memory");
	    THREAD_SETMEM (THREAD_SELF, robust_head.list_op_pending, NULL);
	  }

	mutex->__data.__owner = id;
	++mutex->__data.__nusers;
	mutex->__data.__count = 1;

	return 0;
      }
#endif  /* __NR_futex.  */

    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PP_RECURSIVE_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PP_ERRORCHECK_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PP_NORMAL_NP:
    case PTHREAD_MUTEX_PP_ADAPTIVE_NP:
      {
	/* See concurrency notes regarding __kind in struct __pthread_mutex_s
	   in sysdeps/nptl/bits/thread-shared-types.h.  */
	int kind = atomic_load_relaxed (&(mutex->__data.__kind))
	  & PTHREAD_MUTEX_KIND_MASK_NP;

	oldval = mutex->__data.__lock;

	/* Check whether we already hold the mutex.  */
	if (mutex->__data.__owner == id)
	  {
	    if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK_NP)
	      return EDEADLK;

	    if (kind == PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP)
	      {
		/* Just bump the counter.  */
		if (__glibc_unlikely (mutex->__data.__count + 1 == 0))
		  /* Overflow of the counter.  */
		  return EAGAIN;

		++mutex->__data.__count;

		return 0;
	      }
	  }

	int oldprio = -1, ceilval;
	do
	  {
	    int ceiling = (oldval & PTHREAD_MUTEX_PRIO_CEILING_MASK)
			  >> PTHREAD_MUTEX_PRIO_CEILING_SHIFT;

	    if (__pthread_current_priority () > ceiling)
	      {
		if (oldprio != -1)
		  __pthread_tpp_change_priority (oldprio, -1);
		return EINVAL;
	      }

	    int retval = __pthread_tpp_change_priority (oldprio, ceiling);
	    if (retval)
	      return retval;

	    ceilval = ceiling << PTHREAD_MUTEX_PRIO_CEILING_SHIFT;
	    oldprio = ceiling;

	    oldval
	      = atomic_compare_and_exchange_val_acq (&mutex->__data.__lock,
						     ceilval | 1, ceilval);

	    if (oldval == ceilval)
	      break;
	  }
	while ((oldval & PTHREAD_MUTEX_PRIO_CEILING_MASK) != ceilval);

	if (oldval != ceilval)
	  {
	    __pthread_tpp_change_priority (oldprio, -1);
	    break;
	  }

	assert (mutex->__data.__owner == 0);
	/* Record the ownership.  */
	mutex->__data.__owner = id;
	++mutex->__data.__nusers;
	mutex->__data.__count = 1;

	return 0;
      }
      break;

    default:
      /* Correct code cannot set any other type.  */
      return EINVAL;
    }

  return EBUSY;
}
versioned_symbol (libc, ___pthread_mutex_trylock,
		  pthread_mutex_trylock, GLIBC_2_34);
libc_hidden_ver (___pthread_mutex_trylock, __pthread_mutex_trylock)
#ifndef SHARED
strong_alias (___pthread_mutex_trylock, __pthread_mutex_trylock)
#endif

#if OTHER_SHLIB_COMPAT (libpthread, GLIBC_2_0, GLIBC_2_34)
compat_symbol (libpthread, ___pthread_mutex_trylock,
	       pthread_mutex_trylock, GLIBC_2_0);
compat_symbol (libpthread, ___pthread_mutex_trylock,
	       __pthread_mutex_trylock, GLIBC_2_0);
#endif