From 22dd288b070b40a6a62232644a30145477c4916c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ruihan Li <lrh2000@pku.edu.cn>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2026 17:52:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Support `make run_kernel CONSOLE=ttyS0`

---
 Makefile           |  5 +++--
 tools/qemu_args.sh | 12 +++++++++---
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 29a17de90..7bac4db33 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ NO_DEFAULT_FEATURES ?= 0
 COVERAGE ?= 0
 # Specify whether to build regression tests under `test/initramfs/src/apps`.
 ENABLE_BASIC_TEST ?= false
-# Specify the primary system console (supported: hvc0, tty0).
-# - hvc0: The virtio-console terminal.
+# Specify the primary system console (supported: tty0, ttyS0, hvc0).
 # - tty0: The active virtual terminal (VT).
+# - ttyS0: The serial (UART) terminal.
+# - hvc0: The virtio-console terminal.
 # Asterinas will automatically fall back to tty0 if hvc0 is not available.
 # Note that currently the virtual terminal (tty0) can only work with
 # linux-efi-handover64 and linux-efi-pe64 boot protocol.
diff --git a/tools/qemu_args.sh b/tools/qemu_args.sh
index 7c217d4cc..92696f498 100755
--- a/tools/qemu_args.sh
+++ b/tools/qemu_args.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #  - NETDEV: "user" or "tap";
 #  - VHOST: "off" or "on";
 #  - VSOCK: "off" or "on";
+#  - CONSOLE: "hvc0" to enable virtio console;
 #  - SMP: number of CPUs;
 #  - MEM: amount of memory, e.g. "8G";
 #  - VNC_PORT: VNC port, default is "42".
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ OVMF=${OVMF:-"on"}
 VHOST=${VHOST:-"off"}
 VSOCK=${VSOCK:-"off"}
 NETDEV=${NETDEV:-"user"}
+CONSOLE=${CONSOLE:-"hvc0"}
 
 SSH_RAND_PORT=${SSH_PORT:-$(shuf -i 1024-65535 -n 1)}
 NGINX_RAND_PORT=${NGINX_PORT:-$(shuf -i 1024-65535 -n 1)}
@@ -46,6 +48,10 @@ else
     NETDEV_ARGS="-nic none"
 fi
 
+if [ "$CONSOLE" = "hvc0" ]; then
+    CONSOLE_ARGS="-device virtconsole,chardev=mux"
+fi
+
 if [ "$1" = "tdx" ]; then
     TDX_OBJECT='{ "qom-type": "tdx-guest", "id": "tdx0", "sept-ve-disable": true, "quote-generation-socket": { "type": "vsock", "cid": "2", "port": "4050" } }'
 
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@ if [ "$1" = "tdx" ]; then
         $QEMU_OPT_ARG_DUMP_PACKETS \
         -chardev stdio,id=mux,mux=on,logfile=qemu.log \
         -device virtio-serial,romfile= \
-        -device virtconsole,chardev=mux \
+        $CONSOLE_ARGS \
         -device isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04 \
         -monitor chardev:mux \
         -serial chardev:mux \
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@ QEMU_ARGS="\
     -device virtio-blk-pci,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x7,drive=x1,serial=vexfat,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off,queue-size=64,num-queues=1,request-merging=off,backend_defaults=off,discard=off,write-zeroes=off,event_idx=off,indirect_desc=off,queue_reset=off$IOMMU_DEV_EXTRA \
     -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net01,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off$VIRTIO_NET_FEATURES$IOMMU_DEV_EXTRA \
     -device virtio-serial-pci,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off$IOMMU_DEV_EXTRA \
-    -device virtconsole,chardev=mux \
+    $CONSOLE_ARGS \
     $IOMMU_EXTRA_ARGS \
 "
 
@@ -127,7 +133,7 @@ MICROVM_QEMU_ARGS="\
     -device virtio-keyboard-device \
     -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net01 \
     -device virtio-serial-device \
-    -device virtconsole,chardev=mux \
+    $CONSOLE_ARGS \
 "
 
 if [ "$VSOCK" = "on" ]; then