feat(net): 桥接网络支持 (#1287)

* feat: 新增veth和bridge结构体，尚未详细测试

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(net): 完善一下已有的bridge以及veth设备,增加一些调试信息

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(net): 完善veth网卡驱动,能通过测例;简单修改vridge设备,尚未测试

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(routing): 简单添加路由子系统,尚未完成

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(veth): 增加veth默认对端路由

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(socket): 恢复udp socket中的wait_queue等待

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(net): 补充bridge的实现

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(bridge): 更改测试程序

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 重命名测试程序

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 更改veth&beidge测试程序的toml

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 暂时添加route_iface以及route_table

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: draft router

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 实现简单的路由功能,未详细测试

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 添加netlink框架,内核相应的处理逻辑以及读取写入用户空间尚未完成

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netlink): 完善netlink的读写部分,增加addr的内核处理逻辑

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 移动routing的位置

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 补充netlink的阻塞等待逻辑&&fmt

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netns): 添加网络命名空间

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netns): 删除全局路由,使用当前netns下的路由

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netlink): 将netlink socket移入netns中

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 完成netlink addr消息的支持,增加测试程序

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netlink): 消除一些warning

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* fix: 新建netns时插入loopback网卡到设备列表

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 将veth和bridge测试程序改用C完成

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(gdb): 增加gdb debug可选项

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* fix: 修复SockAddrIn结构体中的sin_addr字节序问题，确保正确处理IPv4地址

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 手糊实现路由功能,后续需要更改事件驱动

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netlink): 补充getlink方法以及相关结构体

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* Refactor network driver interfaces and introduce NAPI support

- Removed the default_iface parameter.
- Introduced a new NAPI module to manage network polling and scheduling.
- Updated the Iface trait to include a napi_struct method for NAPI support.
- Modified Veth network interfaces to integrate with the new NAPI structure.
- Refactored the Router implementation to remove unnecessary polling threads and wait queues.
- Updated NetNamespace to manage a list of bridge devices.
- Cleaned up various unused methods and comments across network-related files.

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 将virtio网卡的处理逻辑移动进ksoftirqd中

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(netlink): 暂时为多播消息添加allow unused,消除warning

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(nat): 实现SNAT和DNAT

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat(epoll): 更改epoll唤醒判断的逻辑,支持socket加入epoll

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 修改test_bind,防止爆内存

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 添加一个路由todo信息

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* fix: rebase主线之后修改冲突

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: fmt

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 清除无用日志

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 补充一个panic信息

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 将kernel文件夹重命名为kern

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

* feat: 删除netlink测试程序中的linux/netlink.h头文件

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: sparkzky <sparkhhhhhhhhhh@outlook.com>

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
+    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
+    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+          {
+            "type": "lldb",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "name": "Debug kernel.elf",
+            "stopOnEntry": false,
+            "targetCreateCommands": ["target create ${workspaceFolder}/bin/kernel/kernel.elf"],
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/kernel/kernel.elf",
+            "processCreateCommands": [
+                "gdb-remote 127.0.0.1:1234",
+                "settings set target.process.follow-fork-mode child",
+                "continue",
+            ],
+            "args": [],
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+            "sourceLanguages": ["rust"],
+            "console": "internalConsole"
+        }
+    ]
+}

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -136,3 +136,4 @@ debug = true # Controls whether the compiler passes `-g`
 # The release profile, used for `cargo build --release`
 [profile.release]
 debug = false
+# debug = true

kernel/src/driver/net/bridge.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+use crate::{
+    driver::net::{
+        napi::napi_schedule, register_netdevice, veth::VethInterface, Iface, NetDeivceState,
+        Operstate,
+    },
+    init::initcall::INITCALL_DEVICE,
+    libs::{rwlock::RwLock, spinlock::SpinLock},
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::{NetNamespace, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE},
+    time::Instant,
+};
+use alloc::string::ToString;
+use alloc::sync::Weak;
+use alloc::{collections::BTreeMap, string::String, sync::Arc};
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use smoltcp::wire::{EthernetAddress, EthernetFrame, IpAddress, IpCidr};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
+
+/// MAC地址表老化时间
+const MAC_ENTRY_TIMEOUT: u64 = 300_000; // 5分钟
+
+pub type BridgePortId = usize;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct MacEntry {
+    port_id: BridgePortId,
+    pub(self) record: RwLock<MacEntryRecord>,
+    // 存活时间（动态学习的老化）
+}
+
+impl MacEntry {
+    pub fn new(port: BridgePortId) -> Self {
+        MacEntry {
+            port_id: port,
+            record: RwLock::new(MacEntryRecord {
+                last_seen: Instant::now(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 更新最后一次被看到的时间为现在
+    pub(self) fn update_last_seen(&self) {
+        self.record.write_irqsave().last_seen = Instant::now();
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct MacEntryRecord {
+    last_seen: Instant,
+}
+
+/// 代表一个加入bridge的网络接口
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BridgePort {
+    pub id: BridgePortId,
+    pub(super) bridge_enable: Arc<dyn BridgeEnableDevice>,
+    pub(super) bridge_driver_ref: Weak<BridgeDriver>,
+    // 当前接口状态？forwarding, learning, blocking?
+    // mac mtu信息
+}
+
+impl BridgePort {
+    fn new(
+        id: BridgePortId,
+        device: Arc<dyn BridgeEnableDevice>,
+        bridge: &Arc<BridgeDriver>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let port = BridgePort {
+            id,
+            bridge_enable: device.clone(),
+            bridge_driver_ref: Arc::downgrade(bridge),
+        };
+
+        device.set_common_bridge_data(&port);
+
+        port
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Bridge {
+    name: String,
+    // 端口列表，key为MAC地址
+    ports: BTreeMap<BridgePortId, BridgePort>,
+    // FDB（Forwarding Database）
+    mac_table: HashMap<EthernetAddress, MacEntry>,
+    // 配置参数，比如aging timeout, max age, hello time, forward delay
+    // bridge_mac: EthernetAddress,
+}
+
+impl Bridge {
+    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: name.into(),
+            ports: BTreeMap::new(),
+            mac_table: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_port(&mut self, id: BridgePortId, port: BridgePort) {
+        self.ports.insert(id, port);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_port(&mut self, port_id: BridgePortId) {
+        self.ports.remove(&port_id);
+        // 清理MAC地址表中与该端口相关的条目
+        self.mac_table
+            .retain(|_mac, entry| entry.port_id != port_id);
+    }
+
+    fn insert_or_update_mac_entry(&mut self, src_mac: EthernetAddress, port_id: BridgePortId) {
+        if let Some(entry) = self.mac_table.get(&src_mac) {
+            entry.update_last_seen();
+            // 如果 MAC 地址学习到了不同的端口，需要更新
+            if entry.port_id != port_id {
+                // log::info!("Bridge {}: MAC {} moved from port {} to port {}", self.name, src_mac, entry.port_id, port_id);
+                self.mac_table.insert(src_mac, MacEntry::new(port_id));
+            }
+        } else {
+            // log::info!("Bridge {}: Learned MAC {} on port {}", self.name, src_mac, port_id);
+            self.mac_table.insert(src_mac, MacEntry::new(port_id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn handle_frame(&mut self, ingress_port_id: BridgePortId, frame: &[u8]) {
+        if frame.len() < 14 {
+            // 使用 smoltcp 提供的最小长度
+            // log::warn!("Bridge {}: Received malformed Ethernet frame (too short).", self.name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let ether_frame = match EthernetFrame::new_checked(frame) {
+            Ok(f) => f,
+            Err(_) => {
+                // log::warn!("Bridge {}: Received malformed Ethernet frame.", self.name);
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let dst_mac = ether_frame.dst_addr();
+        let src_mac = ether_frame.src_addr();
+
+        self.insert_or_update_mac_entry(src_mac, ingress_port_id);
+
+        if dst_mac.is_broadcast() {
+            // 广播 这里有可能是arp请求
+            self.flood(Some(ingress_port_id), frame);
+        } else {
+            // 单播
+            if let Some(entry) = self.mac_table.get(&dst_mac) {
+                let target_port = entry.port_id;
+                // 避免发回自己
+                // if target_port != ingress_port_id {
+                self.transmit_to_port(target_port, frame);
+                // }
+            } else {
+                // 未知单播 → 广播
+                log::info!("unknown unicast, flooding frame");
+                self.flood(Some(ingress_port_id), frame);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.sweep_mac_table();
+    }
+
+    fn flood(&self, except_port_id: Option<BridgePortId>, frame: &[u8]) {
+        match except_port_id {
+            Some(except_id) => {
+                for (&port_id, bridge_port) in &self.ports {
+                    if port_id != except_id {
+                        self.transmit_to_device(bridge_port, frame);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                for bridge_port in self.ports.values() {
+                    self.transmit_to_device(bridge_port, frame);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn transmit_to_port(&self, target_port_id: BridgePortId, frame: &[u8]) {
+        if let Some(device_arc) = self.ports.get(&target_port_id) {
+            self.transmit_to_device(device_arc, frame);
+        } else {
+            // log::warn!("Bridge {}: Attempted to transmit to non-existent port ID {}", self.name, target_port_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn transmit_to_device(&self, device: &BridgePort, frame: &[u8]) {
+        device.bridge_enable.receive_from_bridge(frame);
+        if let Some(napi) = device.bridge_enable.napi_struct() {
+            napi_schedule(napi);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn sweep_mac_table(&mut self) {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        self.mac_table.retain(|_mac, entry| {
+            now.duration_since(entry.record.read().last_seen)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .total_millis()
+                < MAC_ENTRY_TIMEOUT
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BridgeDriver {
+    pub inner: SpinLock<Bridge>,
+    pub netns: RwLock<Weak<NetNamespace>>,
+    self_ref: Weak<BridgeDriver>,
+    next_port_id: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+impl BridgeDriver {
+    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new_cyclic(|self_ref| BridgeDriver {
+            inner: SpinLock::new(Bridge::new(name)),
+            netns: RwLock::new(Weak::new()),
+            self_ref: self_ref.clone(),
+            next_port_id: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn next_port_id(&self) -> BridgePortId {
+        self.next_port_id
+            .fetch_add(1, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_device(&self, device: Arc<dyn BridgeEnableDevice>) {
+        if let Some(netns) = self.netns() {
+            if !Arc::ptr_eq(
+                &netns,
+                &device.net_namespace().unwrap_or(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone()),
+            ) {
+                log::warn!("Port and bridge are in different net namespaces");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        let port = BridgePort::new(
+            self.next_port_id(),
+            device.clone(),
+            &self.self_ref.upgrade().unwrap(),
+        );
+        log::info!("Adding port with id: {}", port.id);
+
+        self.inner.lock().add_port(port.id, port);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_device(&self, device: Arc<dyn BridgeEnableDevice>) {
+        let Some(common_data) = device.common_bridge_data() else {
+            log::warn!("Device is not part of any bridge");
+            return;
+        };
+        self.inner.lock().remove_port(common_data.id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn handle_frame(&self, ingress_port_id: BridgePortId, frame: &[u8]) {
+        self.inner.lock().handle_frame(ingress_port_id, frame);
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.inner.lock().name().to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_netns(&self, netns: &Arc<NetNamespace>) {
+        *self.netns.write() = Arc::downgrade(netns);
+    }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Option<Arc<NetNamespace>> {
+        self.netns.read().upgrade()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 可供桥接设备应该实现的 trait
+pub trait BridgeEnableDevice: Iface {
+    /// 接收来自桥的数据帧
+    fn receive_from_bridge(&self, frame: &[u8]);
+
+    /// 设置桥接相关的公共数据
+    fn set_common_bridge_data(&self, _port: &BridgePort);
+
+    /// 获取桥接相关的公共数据
+    fn common_bridge_data(&self) -> Option<BridgeCommonData>;
+    // fn bridge(&self) -> Weak<BridgeIface> {
+    //     let Some(data) = self.common_bridge_data() else {
+    //         return Weak::default();
+    //     };
+    //     data.bridge_driver
+    // }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BridgeCommonData {
+    pub id: BridgePortId,
+    pub bridge_driver_ref: Weak<BridgeDriver>,
+}
+
+fn bridge_probe() {
+    let (iface1, iface2) = VethInterface::new_pair("veth_a", "veth_b");
+    let (iface3, iface4) = VethInterface::new_pair("veth_c", "veth_d");
+
+    let addr1 = IpAddress::v4(200, 0, 0, 1);
+    let cidr1 = IpCidr::new(addr1, 24);
+    let addr2 = IpAddress::v4(200, 0, 0, 2);
+    let cidr2 = IpCidr::new(addr2, 24);
+
+    let addr3 = IpAddress::v4(200, 0, 0, 3);
+    let cidr3 = IpCidr::new(addr3, 24);
+    let addr4 = IpAddress::v4(200, 0, 0, 4);
+    let cidr4 = IpCidr::new(addr4, 24);
+
+    iface1.update_ip_addrs(cidr1);
+    iface2.update_ip_addrs(cidr2);
+    iface3.update_ip_addrs(cidr3);
+    iface4.update_ip_addrs(cidr4);
+
+    iface1.add_default_route_to_peer(addr2);
+    iface2.add_default_route_to_peer(addr1);
+    iface3.add_default_route_to_peer(addr4);
+    iface4.add_default_route_to_peer(addr3);
+
+    // iface1.add_direct_route(cidr4, addr2);
+
+    let turn_on = |a: &Arc<VethInterface>| {
+        a.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
+        a.set_operstate(Operstate::IF_OPER_UP);
+        // NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave().insert(a.nic_id(), a.clone());
+        INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.add_device(a.clone());
+        a.common().set_net_namespace(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+
+        register_netdevice(a.clone()).expect("register veth device failed");
+    };
+
+    turn_on(&iface1);
+    turn_on(&iface2);
+    turn_on(&iface3);
+    turn_on(&iface4);
+
+    let bridge = BridgeDriver::new("bridge0");
+    bridge.set_netns(&INIT_NET_NAMESPACE);
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.insert_bridge(bridge.clone());
+
+    bridge.add_device(iface3);
+    bridge.add_device(iface2);
+
+    log::info!("Bridge device created");
+}
+
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_DEVICE)]
+pub fn bridge_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    bridge_probe();
+    // log::info!("bridge initialized.");
+    Ok(())
+}

kernel/src/driver/net/e1000e/e1000e_driver.rs

@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ use crate::{
             kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectCommonData, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
         },
         net::{
-            register_netdevice, Iface, IfaceCommon, NetDeivceState, NetDeviceCommonData, Operstate,
+            register_netdevice, types::InterfaceFlags, Iface, IfaceCommon, NetDeivceState,
+            NetDeviceCommonData, Operstate,
         },
     },
     libs::{
         rwlock::{RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard},
         spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard},
     },
-    net::{generate_iface_id, NET_DEVICES},
+    net::generate_iface_id,
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE,
     time::Instant,
 };
 use alloc::{
@@ -200,9 +202,20 @@ impl E1000EInterface {
         let iface =
             smoltcp::iface::Interface::new(iface_config, &mut driver, Instant::now().into());
 
-        let result = Arc::new(E1000EInterface {
+        let flags = InterfaceFlags::UP
+            | InterfaceFlags::BROADCAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::RUNNING
+            | InterfaceFlags::MULTICAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::LOWER_UP;
+
+        let iface = Arc::new(E1000EInterface {
             driver: E1000EDriverWrapper(UnsafeCell::new(driver)),
-            common: IfaceCommon::new(iface_id, false, iface),
+            common: IfaceCommon::new(
+                iface_id,
+                crate::driver::net::types::InterfaceType::EETHER,
+                flags,
+                iface,
+            ),
             name: format!("eth{}", iface_id),
             inner: SpinLock::new(InnerE1000EInterface {
                 netdevice_common: NetDeviceCommonData::default(),
@@ -212,7 +225,7 @@ impl E1000EInterface {
             locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::default(),
         });
 
-        return result;
+        iface
     }
 
     pub fn inner(&self) -> SpinLockGuard<'_, InnerE1000EInterface> {
@@ -304,7 +317,7 @@ impl Iface for E1000EInterface {
         return self.name.clone();
     }
 
-    fn poll(&self) {
+    fn poll(&self) -> bool {
         self.common.poll(self.driver.force_get_mut())
     }
 
@@ -332,6 +345,15 @@ impl Iface for E1000EInterface {
     fn set_operstate(&self, state: Operstate) {
         self.inner().netdevice_common.operstate = state;
     }
+
+    fn mtu(&self) -> usize {
+        use smoltcp::phy::Device;
+
+        self.driver
+            .force_get_mut()
+            .capabilities()
+            .max_transmission_unit
+    }
 }
 
 impl KObject for E1000EInterface {
@@ -400,9 +422,12 @@ pub fn e1000e_driver_init(device: E1000EDevice) {
     iface.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
 
     // 将网卡的接口信息注册到全局的网卡接口信息表中
-    NET_DEVICES
-        .write_irqsave()
-        .insert(iface.nic_id(), iface.clone());
+    // NET_DEVICES
+    //     .write_irqsave()
+    //     .insert(iface.nic_id(), iface.clone());
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.add_device(iface.clone());
+    iface.common.set_net_namespace(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+
     info!("e1000e driver init successfully!\tMAC: [{}]", mac);
 
     register_netdevice(iface.clone()).expect("register lo device failed");

kernel/src/driver/net/irq_handle.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
-use crate::exception::{
-    irqdata::IrqHandlerData,
-    irqdesc::{IrqHandler, IrqReturn},
-    IrqNumber,
+use crate::{
+    exception::{
+        irqdata::IrqHandlerData,
+        irqdesc::{IrqHandler, IrqReturn},
+        IrqNumber,
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE,
 };
 
 /// 默认的网卡中断处理函数
@@ -18,7 +21,8 @@ impl IrqHandler for DefaultNetIrqHandler {
         _static_data: Option<&dyn IrqHandlerData>,
         _dynamic_data: Option<Arc<dyn IrqHandlerData>>,
     ) -> Result<IrqReturn, SystemError> {
-        super::kthread::wakeup_poll_thread();
+        // 这里先暂时唤醒 INIT 网络命名空间的轮询线程
+        INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.wakeup_poll_thread();
         Ok(IrqReturn::Handled)
     }
 }

kernel/src/driver/net/kthread.rs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
-use alloc::sync::Arc;
-use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
-
-use crate::arch::CurrentIrqArch;
-use crate::exception::InterruptArch;
-use crate::init::initcall::INITCALL_SUBSYS;
-use crate::net::NET_DEVICES;
-use crate::process::kthread::{KernelThreadClosure, KernelThreadMechanism};
-use crate::process::{ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager};
-use crate::sched::{schedule, SchedMode};
-
-static mut NET_POLL_THREAD: Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>> = None;
-
-#[unified_init(INITCALL_SUBSYS)]
-pub fn net_poll_init() -> Result<(), system_error::SystemError> {
-    let closure = KernelThreadClosure::StaticEmptyClosure((&(net_poll_thread as fn() -> i32), ()));
-    let pcb = KernelThreadMechanism::create_and_run(closure, "net_poll".to_owned())
-        .ok_or("")
-        .expect("create net_poll thread failed");
-    log::info!("net_poll thread created");
-    unsafe {
-        NET_POLL_THREAD = Some(pcb);
-    }
-    return Ok(());
-}
-
-fn net_poll_thread() -> i32 {
-    log::info!("net_poll thread started");
-    loop {
-        for (_, iface) in NET_DEVICES.read_irqsave().iter() {
-            iface.poll();
-        }
-        let irq_guard = unsafe { CurrentIrqArch::save_and_disable_irq() };
-        ProcessManager::mark_sleep(true).expect("clocksource_watchdog_kthread:mark sleep failed");
-        drop(irq_guard);
-        schedule(SchedMode::SM_NONE);
-    }
-}
-
-/// 拉起线程
-pub(super) fn wakeup_poll_thread() {
-    if unsafe { NET_POLL_THREAD.is_none() } {
-        return;
-    }
-    let _ = ProcessManager::wakeup(unsafe { NET_POLL_THREAD.as_ref().unwrap() });
-}

kernel/src/driver/net/loopback.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ use crate::driver::base::kobject::{
     KObjType, KObject, KObjectCommonData, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState,
 };
 use crate::driver::base::kset::KSet;
+use crate::driver::net::types::InterfaceFlags;
 use crate::filesystem::kernfs::KernFSInode;
 use crate::init::initcall::INITCALL_DEVICE;
 use crate::libs::rwlock::{RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
 use crate::libs::spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard};
-use crate::net::{generate_iface_id, NET_DEVICES};
+use crate::net::generate_iface_id;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE;
 use crate::time::Instant;
 use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
 use alloc::fmt::Debug;
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ impl phy::TxToken for LoopbackTxToken {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
 /// ## Loopback设备
 /// 成员是一个队列，用来存放接受到的数据包。
 /// 当使用lo发送数据包时，不会把数据包传到link层，而是直接发送到该队列，实现环回。
@@ -97,12 +100,6 @@ pub struct Loopback {
 }
 
 impl Loopback {
-    /// ## Loopback创建函数
-    /// 创建lo设备
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let queue = VecDeque::new();
-        Loopback { queue }
-    }
     /// ## Loopback处理接受到的数据包函数
     /// Loopback接受到数据后会调用这个函数来弹出接收的数据，返回给协议栈
     ///
@@ -172,10 +169,10 @@ pub struct LoopbackDriver {
     pub inner: Arc<SpinLock<Loopback>>,
 }
 
-impl LoopbackDriver {
+impl Default for LoopbackDriver {
     /// ## LoopbackDriver创建函数
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let inner = Arc::new(SpinLock::new(Loopback::new()));
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let inner = Arc::new(SpinLock::new(Loopback::default()));
         LoopbackDriver { inner }
     }
 }
@@ -325,9 +322,19 @@ impl LoopbackInterface {
                 .expect("Add default ipv4 route failed: full");
         });
 
+        let flags = InterfaceFlags::LOOPBACK
+            | InterfaceFlags::UP
+            | InterfaceFlags::RUNNING
+            | InterfaceFlags::LOWER_UP;
+
         Arc::new(LoopbackInterface {
             driver: LoopbackDriverWapper(UnsafeCell::new(driver)),
-            common: IfaceCommon::new(iface_id, false, iface),
+            common: IfaceCommon::new(
+                iface_id,
+                super::types::InterfaceType::LOOPBACK,
+                flags,
+                iface,
+            ),
             inner: SpinLock::new(InnerLoopbackInterface {
                 netdevice_common: NetDeviceCommonData::default(),
                 device_common: DeviceCommonData::default(),
@@ -485,7 +492,7 @@ impl Iface for LoopbackInterface {
         smoltcp::wire::EthernetAddress(mac)
     }
 
-    fn poll(&self) {
+    fn poll(&self) -> bool {
         self.common.poll(self.driver.force_get_mut())
     }
 
@@ -513,24 +520,39 @@ impl Iface for LoopbackInterface {
     fn set_operstate(&self, state: Operstate) {
         self.inner().netdevice_common.operstate = state;
     }
+
+    fn mtu(&self) -> usize {
+        use smoltcp::phy::Device;
+
+        self.driver
+            .force_get_mut()
+            .capabilities()
+            .max_transmission_unit
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn generate_loopback_iface_default() -> Arc<LoopbackInterface> {
+    let iface = LoopbackInterface::new(LoopbackDriver::default());
+    // 标识网络设备已经启动
+    iface.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
+
+    register_netdevice(iface.clone()).expect("register lo device failed");
+
+    iface
 }
 
 pub fn loopback_probe() {
     loopback_driver_init();
 }
+
 /// # lo网卡设备初始化函数
 /// 创建驱动和iface，初始化一个lo网卡，添加到全局NET_DEVICES中
 pub fn loopback_driver_init() {
-    let driver = LoopbackDriver::new();
-    let iface = LoopbackInterface::new(driver);
-    // 标识网络设备已经启动
-    iface.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
+    let iface = generate_loopback_iface_default();
 
-    NET_DEVICES
-        .write_irqsave()
-        .insert(iface.nic_id(), iface.clone());
-
-    register_netdevice(iface.clone()).expect("register lo device failed");
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.add_device(iface.clone());
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.set_loopback_iface(iface.clone());
+    iface.common.set_net_namespace(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
 }
 
 /// ## lo网卡设备的注册函数

kernel/src/driver/net/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
+use alloc::sync::Weak;
 use alloc::{fmt, vec::Vec};
 use alloc::{string::String, sync::Arc};
+use core::net::Ipv4Addr;
 use sysfs::netdev_register_kobject;
 
+use crate::driver::net::napi::NapiStruct;
+use crate::driver::net::types::{InterfaceFlags, InterfaceType};
+use crate::libs::rwlock::RwLockReadGuard;
+use crate::net::routing::RouterEnableDeviceCommon;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
 use crate::{
     libs::{rwlock::RwLock, spinlock::SpinLock},
     net::socket::inet::{common::PortManager, InetSocket},
@@ -10,13 +17,16 @@ use crate::{
 use smoltcp;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
+pub mod bridge;
 pub mod class;
 mod dma;
 pub mod e1000e;
 pub mod irq_handle;
-pub mod kthread;
 pub mod loopback;
+pub mod napi;
 pub mod sysfs;
+pub mod types;
+pub mod veth;
 pub mod virtio_net;
 
 bitflags! {
@@ -74,13 +84,11 @@ pub trait Iface: crate::driver::base::device::Device {
     }
 
     /// # `poll`
-    /// 用于轮询接口的状态。
-    /// ## 参数
-    /// - `sockets` ：一个可变引用到 `smoltcp::iface::SocketSet`，表示要轮询的套接字集
+    /// 用于轮询网卡，处理网络事件
     /// ## 返回值
-    /// - 成功返回 `Ok(())`
-    /// - 如果轮询失败，返回 `Err(SystemError::EAGAIN_OR_EWOULDBLOCK)`，表示需要再次尝试或者操作会阻塞
-    fn poll(&self);
+    /// - `true`：表示有网络事件发生
+    /// - `false`：表示没有网络事件
+    fn poll(&self) -> bool;
 
     /// # `update_ip_addrs`
     /// 用于更新接口的 IP 地址
@@ -122,6 +130,34 @@ pub trait Iface: crate::driver::base::device::Device {
     fn operstate(&self) -> Operstate;
 
     fn set_operstate(&self, state: Operstate);
+
+    fn net_namespace(&self) -> Option<Arc<NetNamespace>> {
+        self.common().net_namespace()
+    }
+
+    fn set_net_namespace(&self, ns: Arc<NetNamespace>) {
+        self.common().set_net_namespace(ns);
+    }
+
+    fn flags(&self) -> InterfaceFlags {
+        self.common().flags()
+    }
+
+    fn type_(&self) -> InterfaceType {
+        self.common().type_()
+    }
+
+    fn mtu(&self) -> usize;
+
+    /// # 获取当前iface的napi结构体
+    /// 默认返回None，表示不支持napi
+    fn napi_struct(&self) -> Option<Arc<napi::NapiStruct>> {
+        self.common().napi_struct.read().clone()
+    }
+
+    fn router_common(&self) -> &RouterEnableDeviceCommon {
+        &self.common().router_common_data
+    }
 }
 
 /// 网络设备的公共数据
@@ -162,6 +198,8 @@ fn register_netdevice(dev: Arc<dyn Iface>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
 
 pub struct IfaceCommon {
     iface_id: usize,
+    flags: InterfaceFlags,
+    type_: InterfaceType,
     smol_iface: SpinLock<smoltcp::iface::Interface>,
     /// 存smoltcp网卡的套接字集
     sockets: SpinLock<smoltcp::iface::SocketSet<'static>>,
@@ -171,9 +209,12 @@ pub struct IfaceCommon {
     port_manager: PortManager,
     /// 下次轮询的时间
     poll_at_ms: core::sync::atomic::AtomicU64,
-    /// 默认网卡标识
-    /// TODO: 此字段设置目的是解决对bind unspecified地址的分包问题，需要在inet实现多网卡监听或路由子系统实现后移除
-    default_iface: bool,
+    /// 网络命名空间
+    net_namespace: RwLock<Weak<NetNamespace>>,
+    /// 路由相关数据
+    router_common_data: RouterEnableDeviceCommon,
+    /// NAPI 结构体
+    napi_struct: RwLock<Option<Arc<NapiStruct>>>,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for IfaceCommon {
@@ -186,19 +227,33 @@ impl fmt::Debug for IfaceCommon {
 }
 
 impl IfaceCommon {
-    pub fn new(iface_id: usize, default_iface: bool, iface: smoltcp::iface::Interface) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        iface_id: usize,
+        type_: InterfaceType,
+        flags: InterfaceFlags,
+        iface: smoltcp::iface::Interface,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let router_common_data = RouterEnableDeviceCommon::default();
+        router_common_data
+            .ip_addrs
+            .write()
+            .extend_from_slice(iface.ip_addrs());
         IfaceCommon {
             iface_id,
             smol_iface: SpinLock::new(iface),
             sockets: SpinLock::new(smoltcp::iface::SocketSet::new(Vec::new())),
             bounds: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
-            port_manager: PortManager::new(),
+            port_manager: PortManager::default(),
             poll_at_ms: core::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0),
-            default_iface,
+            net_namespace: RwLock::new(Weak::new()),
+            router_common_data,
+            flags,
+            type_,
+            napi_struct: RwLock::new(None),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn poll<D>(&self, device: &mut D)
+    pub fn poll<D>(&self, device: &mut D) -> bool
     where
         D: smoltcp::phy::Device + ?Sized,
     {
@@ -227,6 +282,12 @@ impl IfaceCommon {
         // drop sockets here to avoid deadlock
         drop(interface);
         drop(sockets);
+        // log::info!(
+        //     "polling iface {}, has_events: {}, poll_at: {:?}",
+        //     self.iface_id,
+        //     has_events,
+        //     poll_at
+        // );
 
         use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
         if let Some(instant) = poll_at {
@@ -259,6 +320,7 @@ impl IfaceCommon {
         //     .extract_if(|closing_socket| closing_socket.is_closed())
         //     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         // drop(closed_sockets);
+        has_events
     }
 
     pub fn update_ip_addrs(&self, ip_addrs: &[smoltcp::wire::IpCidr]) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
@@ -291,8 +353,36 @@ impl IfaceCommon {
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: 需要在inet实现多网卡监听或路由子系统实现后移除
-    pub fn is_default_iface(&self) -> bool {
-        self.default_iface
+    pub fn ipv4_addr(&self) -> Option<Ipv4Addr> {
+        self.smol_iface.lock().ipv4_addr()
+    }
+
+    pub fn ip_addrs(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'_, Vec<smoltcp::wire::IpCidr>> {
+        self.router_common_data.ip_addrs.read()
+    }
+
+    pub fn prefix_len(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.smol_iface
+            .lock()
+            .ip_addrs()
+            .first()
+            .map(|ip_addr| ip_addr.prefix_len())
+    }
+
+    pub fn net_namespace(&self) -> Option<Arc<NetNamespace>> {
+        self.net_namespace.read().upgrade()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_net_namespace(&self, ns: Arc<NetNamespace>) {
+        let mut guard = self.net_namespace.write();
+        *guard = Arc::downgrade(&ns);
+    }
+
+    pub fn flags(&self) -> InterfaceFlags {
+        self.flags
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_(&self) -> InterfaceType {
+        self.type_
     }
 }

kernel/src/driver/net/napi.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+use crate::driver::net::Iface;
+use crate::init::initcall::INITCALL_SUBSYS;
+use crate::libs::spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard};
+use crate::libs::wait_queue::WaitQueue;
+use crate::process::kthread::{KernelThreadClosure, KernelThreadMechanism};
+use crate::process::ProcessState;
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use alloc::string::ToString;
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    //todo 按照软中断的做法，这里应该是每个CPU一个列表，但目前只实现单CPU版本
+    static ref GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER: Arc<NapiManager> =
+        NapiManager::new();
+}
+
+/// # NAPI 结构体
+///
+/// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/include/linux/netdevice.h#L359
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NapiStruct {
+    /// NAPI实例状态
+    pub state: AtomicU32,
+    /// NAPI实例权重，表示每次轮询时处理的最大包数
+    pub weight: usize,
+    /// 唯一id
+    pub napi_id: usize,
+    /// 指向所属网卡的弱引用
+    pub net_device: Weak<dyn Iface>,
+}
+
+impl NapiStruct {
+    pub fn new(net_device: Arc<dyn Iface>, weight: usize) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            state: AtomicU32::new(NapiState::empty().bits()),
+            weight,
+            napi_id: net_device.nic_id(),
+            net_device: Arc::downgrade(&net_device),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll(&self) -> bool {
+        // log::info!("NAPI instance {} polling", self.napi_id);
+        // 获取网卡的强引用
+        if let Some(iface) = self.net_device.upgrade() {
+            // 这里的weight原意是此次执行可以处理的包，如果超过了这个数就交给专门的内核线程(ksoftirqd)继续处理
+            // 但目前我们就是在相当于ksoftirqd里面处理，如果在weight之内发现没数据包被处理了，在直接返回
+            // 如果超过weight，返回true，表示还有工作没做完，会在下一次轮询继续处理
+            // 因此语义是相同的
+            for _ in 0..self.weight {
+                if !iface.poll() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            log::error!(
+                "NAPI instance {}: associated net device is gone",
+                self.napi_id
+            );
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// # NAPI状态标志
+    ///
+    /// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/include/linux/netdevice.h#L398
+    pub struct NapiState:u32{
+        /// Poll is scheduled. 这是最核心的状态，表示NAPI实例已被调度，
+        /// 存在于某个CPU的poll_list中等待处理。
+        const SCHED             = 1 << 0;
+        /// Missed a poll. 如果在NAPI实例被调度后但在实际处理前又有新的数据到达，
+        const MISSED            = 1 << 1;
+        /// Disable pending. NAPI正在被禁用，不应再被调度。
+        const DISABLE           = 1 << 2;
+        const NPSVC             = 1 << 3;
+        /// NAPI added to system lists. 表示NAPI实例已注册到设备中。
+        const LISTED            = 1 << 4;
+        const NO_BUSY_POLL      = 1 << 5;
+        const IN_BUSY_POLL      = 1 << 6;
+        const PREFER_BUSY_POLL  = 1 << 7;
+        /// The poll is performed inside its own thread.
+        /// 一个可选的高级功能，表示此NAPI由专用内核线程处理。
+        const THREADED          = 1 << 8;
+        const SCHED_THREADED    = 1 << 9;
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(never)]
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_SUBSYS)]
+pub fn napi_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    // 软中断做法
+    // let napi_handler = Arc::new(NapiSoftirq::default());
+    // softirq_vectors()
+    //     .register_softirq(SoftirqNumber::NetReceive, napi_handler)
+    //     .expect("Failed to register napi softirq");
+
+    // 软中断的方式无法唤醒 :(
+    // 使用一个专门的内核线程来处理NAPI轮询，模拟软中断的行为，相当于ksoftirq :)
+
+    let closure: Box<dyn Fn() -> i32 + Send + Sync + 'static> = Box::new(move || {
+        net_rx_action();
+        0
+    });
+    let closure = KernelThreadClosure::EmptyClosure((closure, ()));
+    let name = "napi_handler".to_string();
+    let _pcb = KernelThreadMechanism::create_and_run(closure, name)
+        .ok_or("")
+        .expect("create napi_handler thread failed");
+
+    log::info!("napi initialized successfully");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn net_rx_action() {
+    use crate::sched::SchedMode;
+
+    loop {
+        // 这里直接将全局的NAPI管理器的napi_list取出，清空全局的列表，避免占用锁时间过长
+        let mut inner = GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER.inner();
+        let mut poll_list = inner.napi_list.clone();
+        inner.napi_list.clear();
+        drop(inner);
+
+        // log::info!("NAPI softirq processing {} instances", poll_list.len());
+
+        // 如果此时长度为0,则让当前进程休眠，等待被唤醒
+        if poll_list.is_empty() {
+            GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER
+                .inner()
+                .has_pending_signal
+                .store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        }
+
+        while let Some(napi) = poll_list.pop() {
+            let has_work_left = napi.poll();
+            // log::info!("yes");
+
+            if has_work_left {
+                poll_list.push(napi);
+            } else {
+                napi_complete(napi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // log::info!("napi softirq iteration complete")
+
+        // 在这种情况下，poll_list 中仍然有待处理的 NAPI 实例，压回队列，等待下一次唤醒时处理
+        if !poll_list.is_empty() {
+            GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER.inner().napi_list.extend(poll_list);
+        }
+
+        let _ = wq_wait_event_interruptible!(
+            GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER.wait_queue(),
+            GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER
+                .inner()
+                .has_pending_signal
+                .load(Ordering::SeqCst),
+            {}
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// 标记这个napi任务已经完成
+pub fn napi_complete(napi: Arc<NapiStruct>) {
+    napi.state
+        .fetch_and(!NapiState::SCHED.bits(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+}
+
+/// 标记这个napi任务加入处理队列，已被调度
+pub fn napi_schedule(napi: Arc<NapiStruct>) {
+    let current_state = NapiState::from_bits_truncate(
+        napi.state
+            .fetch_or(NapiState::SCHED.bits(), Ordering::SeqCst),
+    );
+
+    if !current_state.contains(NapiState::SCHED) {
+        let new_state = current_state.union(NapiState::SCHED);
+        // log::info!("NAPI instance {} scheduled", napi.napi_id);
+        napi.state.store(new_state.bits(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+
+    let mut inner = GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER.inner();
+    inner.napi_list.push(napi);
+    inner.has_pending_signal.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+    GLOBAL_NAPI_MANAGER.wakeup();
+
+    // softirq_vectors().raise_softirq(SoftirqNumber::NetReceive);
+}
+
+pub struct NapiManager {
+    inner: SpinLock<NapiManagerInner>,
+    wait_queue: WaitQueue,
+}
+
+impl NapiManager {
+    pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+        let inner = SpinLock::new(NapiManagerInner {
+            has_pending_signal: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            napi_list: Vec::new(),
+        });
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            inner,
+            wait_queue: WaitQueue::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> SpinLockGuard<'_, NapiManagerInner> {
+        self.inner.lock()
+    }
+
+    pub fn wait_queue(&self) -> &WaitQueue {
+        &self.wait_queue
+    }
+
+    pub fn wakeup(&self) {
+        self.wait_queue.wakeup(Some(ProcessState::Blocked(true)));
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct NapiManagerInner {
+    has_pending_signal: AtomicBool,
+    napi_list: Vec<Arc<NapiStruct>>,
+}
+
+// 下面的是软中断的做法，无法唤醒，做个记录
+
+// #[derive(Debug)]
+// pub struct NapiSoftirq {
+//     running: AtomicBool,
+// }
+
+// impl Default for NapiSoftirq {
+//     fn default() -> Self {
+//         Self {
+//             running: AtomicBool::new(false),
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl SoftirqVec for NapiSoftirq {
+//     fn run(&self) {
+//         log::info!("NAPI softirq running");
+//         if self
+//             .running
+//             .compare_exchange(
+//                 false,
+//                 true,
+//                 core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst,
+//                 core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst,
+//             )
+//             .is_ok()
+//         {
+//             net_rx_action();
+//             self.running
+//                 .store(false, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+//         } else {
+//             log::warn!("NAPI softirq is already running");
+//         }
+//     }
+// }

kernel/src/driver/net/types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+/// Interface type.
+///  <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.0.18/source/include/uapi/linux/if_arp.h#L30>
+#[repr(u16)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, FromPrimitive, ToPrimitive)]
+pub enum InterfaceType {
+    // Arp protocol hardware identifiers
+    /// from KA9Q: NET/ROM pseudo
+    NETROM = 0,
+    /// Ethernet 10Mbps
+    ETHER = 1,
+    /// Experimental Ethernet
+    EETHER = 2,
+
+    // Dummy types for non ARP hardware
+    /// IPIP tunnel
+    TUNNEL = 768,
+    /// IP6IP6 tunnel
+    TUNNEL6 = 769,
+    /// Frame Relay Access Device
+    FRAD = 770,
+    /// SKIP vif
+    SKIP = 771,
+    /// Loopback device
+    LOOPBACK = 772,
+    /// Localtalk device
+    LOCALTALK = 773,
+    // TODO 更多类型
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u16> for InterfaceType {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
+        return <Self as FromPrimitive>::from_u16(value).ok_or(Self::Error::EINVAL);
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Interface flags.
+    /// <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.0.18/source/include/uapi/linux/if.h#L82>
+    pub struct InterfaceFlags: u32 {
+        /// Interface is up
+        const UP				= 1<<0;
+        /// Broadcast address valid
+        const BROADCAST			= 1<<1;
+        /// Turn on debugging
+        const DEBUG			    = 1<<2;
+        /// Loopback net
+        const LOOPBACK			= 1<<3;
+        /// Interface is has p-p link
+        const POINTOPOINT		= 1<<4;
+        /// Avoid use of trailers
+        const NOTRAILERS		= 1<<5;
+        /// Interface RFC2863 OPER_UP
+        const RUNNING			= 1<<6;
+        /// No ARP protocol
+        const NOARP			    = 1<<7;
+        /// Receive all packets
+        const PROMISC			= 1<<8;
+        /// Receive all multicast packets
+        const ALLMULTI			= 1<<9;
+        /// Master of a load balancer
+        const MASTER			= 1<<10;
+        /// Slave of a load balancer
+        const SLAVE			    = 1<<11;
+        /// Supports multicast
+        const MULTICAST			= 1<<12;
+        /// Can set media type
+        const PORTSEL			= 1<<13;
+        /// Auto media select active
+        const AUTOMEDIA			= 1<<14;
+        /// Dialup device with changing addresses
+        const DYNAMIC			= 1<<15;
+        /// Driver signals L1 up
+        const LOWER_UP			= 1<<16;
+        /// Driver signals dormant
+        const DORMANT			= 1<<17;
+        /// Echo sent packets
+        const ECHO			    = 1<<18;
+    }
+}

kernel/src/driver/net/veth.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+use super::bridge::BridgeEnableDevice;
+use super::{Iface, IfaceCommon};
+use super::{NetDeivceState, NetDeviceCommonData, Operstate};
+use crate::arch::rand::rand;
+use crate::driver::base::class::Class;
+use crate::driver::base::device::bus::Bus;
+use crate::driver::base::device::driver::Driver;
+use crate::driver::base::device::{self, DeviceCommonData, DeviceType, IdTable};
+use crate::driver::base::kobject::{
+    KObjType, KObject, KObjectCommonData, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState,
+};
+use crate::driver::base::kset::KSet;
+use crate::driver::net::bridge::{BridgeCommonData, BridgePort};
+use crate::driver::net::napi::{napi_schedule, NapiStruct};
+use crate::driver::net::register_netdevice;
+use crate::driver::net::types::InterfaceFlags;
+use crate::filesystem::kernfs::KernFSInode;
+use crate::init::initcall::INITCALL_DEVICE;
+use crate::libs::rwlock::{RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
+use crate::libs::spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard};
+use crate::net::generate_iface_id;
+use crate::net::routing::{DnatRule, RouteEntry, RouterEnableDevice, SnatRule};
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::{NetNamespace, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE};
+use crate::process::ProcessManager;
+use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use smoltcp::phy::DeviceCapabilities;
+use smoltcp::phy::{self, RxToken};
+use smoltcp::wire::{EthernetAddress, EthernetFrame, HardwareAddress, IpAddress, IpCidr};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
+
+pub struct Veth {
+    name: String,
+    rx_queue: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+    /// 对端的 `VethInterface`，在完成数据发送的时候会使用到
+    peer: Weak<VethInterface>,
+    self_iface_ref: Weak<VethInterface>,
+}
+
+impl Veth {
+    pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
+        Veth {
+            name,
+            rx_queue: VecDeque::new(),
+            peer: Weak::new(),
+            self_iface_ref: Weak::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_peer_iface(&mut self, peer: &Arc<VethInterface>) {
+        self.peer = Arc::downgrade(peer);
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_to_peer(&self, data: &[u8]) {
+        if let Some(peer) = self.peer.upgrade() {
+            // log::info!("Veth {} trying to send", self.name);
+
+            Self::to_peer(&peer, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(self) fn to_peer(peer: &Arc<VethInterface>, data: &[u8]) {
+        let mut peer_veth = peer.driver.inner.lock();
+        peer_veth.rx_queue.push_back(data.to_vec());
+
+        // {
+        //     let ether = EthernetFrame::new_checked(data).unwrap();
+        //     if ether.ethertype() == smoltcp::wire::EthernetProtocol::Ipv4 {
+        //         if let Some(ipv4_packet) =
+        //             smoltcp::wire::Ipv4Packet::new_checked(ether.payload()).ok()
+        //         {
+        //             log::info!(
+        //                 "Veth {} sending IPv4 packet to peer: {} -> {}",
+        //                 peer.name,
+        //                 ipv4_packet.src_addr(),
+        //                 ipv4_packet.dst_addr()
+        //             );
+        //         }
+        //     } else if ether.ethertype() == smoltcp::wire::EthernetProtocol::Ipv6 {
+        //         if let Some(ipv6_packet) =
+        //             smoltcp::wire::Ipv6Packet::new_checked(ether.payload()).ok()
+        //         {
+        //             log::info!(
+        //                 "Veth {} sending IPv6 packet to peer: {} -> {}",
+        //                 peer.name,
+        //                 ipv6_packet.src_addr(),
+        //                 ipv6_packet.dst_addr()
+        //             );
+        //         }
+        //     } else {
+        //         log::info!(
+        //             "Veth {} sending non-IP packet to peer: ethertype={:?}",
+        //             peer.name,
+        //             ether.ethertype()
+        //         );
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        drop(peer_veth);
+
+        let Some(napi) = peer.napi_struct() else {
+            log::error!("Veth {} has no napi_struct", peer.name);
+            return;
+        };
+
+        napi_schedule(napi);
+    }
+
+    fn to_bridge(bridge_data: &BridgeCommonData, data: &[u8]) {
+        // log::info!("Veth {} sending data to bridge", self.name);
+        let Some(bridge) = bridge_data.bridge_driver_ref.upgrade() else {
+            log::warn!("Bridge has been dropped");
+            return;
+        };
+        bridge.handle_frame(bridge_data.id, data);
+    }
+
+    /// 经过路由发送，返回是否发送成功
+    fn to_router(&self, data: &[u8]) -> bool {
+        let Some(self_iface) = self.self_iface_ref.upgrade() else {
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        let frame: EthernetFrame<&[u8]> = EthernetFrame::new_checked(data).unwrap();
+        // log::info!("trying to go to router");
+        match self_iface.handle_routable_packet(&frame) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                // log::info!("successfully sent to router");
+                true
+            }
+            // 先不管错误，直接告诉外面没有经过路由发送出去
+            Err(Some(err)) => {
+                log::error!("Router error: {:?}", err);
+                false
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                // log::info!("not routed");
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn recv_from_peer(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        // log::info!("Veth {} trying to receive", self.name);
+        let data = self.rx_queue.pop_front()?;
+
+        if let Some(bridge_common_data) = self
+            .self_iface_ref
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .inner
+            .lock()
+            .bridge_common_data
+            .as_ref()
+        {
+            // log::info!("Veth {} sending data to bridge", self.name);
+            Self::to_bridge(bridge_common_data, &data);
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // 说明获取的包发给进入路由了，无须返回
+        if self.to_router(&data) {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(data)
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct VethDriver {
+    pub inner: Arc<SpinLock<Veth>>,
+}
+
+impl VethDriver {
+    /// # `new_pair`
+    /// 创建一对虚拟以太网设备（veth pair），用于网络测试
+    /// ## 参数
+    /// - `name1`: 第一个设备的名称
+    /// - `name2`: 第二个设备的名称
+    /// ## 返回值
+    /// 返回一个元组，包含两个 `VethDriver` 实例，分别对应
+    /// 第一个和第二个虚拟以太网设备。   
+    pub fn new_pair(name1: &str, name2: &str) -> (VethDriver, VethDriver) {
+        let dev1 = Arc::new(SpinLock::new(Veth::new(name1.to_string())));
+        let dev2 = Arc::new(SpinLock::new(Veth::new(name2.to_string())));
+
+        let driver1 = VethDriver { inner: dev1 };
+        let driver2 = VethDriver { inner: dev2 };
+
+        (driver1, driver2)
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.inner.lock().name().to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VethTxToken {
+    driver: VethDriver,
+}
+
+impl phy::TxToken for VethTxToken {
+    fn consume<R, F>(self, len: usize, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut [u8]) -> R,
+    {
+        let mut buf = vec![0; len];
+        let result = f(&mut buf);
+        self.driver.inner.lock().send_to_peer(&buf);
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VethRxToken {
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl RxToken for VethRxToken {
+    fn consume<R, F>(self, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> R,
+    {
+        f(&self.buffer)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct VethDriverWarpper(UnsafeCell<VethDriver>);
+unsafe impl Send for VethDriverWarpper {}
+unsafe impl Sync for VethDriverWarpper {}
+
+impl Deref for VethDriverWarpper {
+    type Target = VethDriver;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        unsafe { &*self.0.get() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for VethDriverWarpper {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        unsafe { &mut *self.0.get() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VethDriverWarpper {
+    #[allow(clippy::mut_from_ref)]
+    fn force_get_mut(&self) -> &mut VethDriver {
+        unsafe { &mut *self.0.get() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl phy::Device for VethDriver {
+    type RxToken<'a> = VethRxToken;
+    type TxToken<'a> = VethTxToken;
+
+    fn capabilities(&self) -> DeviceCapabilities {
+        let mut caps = DeviceCapabilities::default();
+        caps.max_transmission_unit = 1500;
+        caps.medium = smoltcp::phy::Medium::Ethernet;
+        caps
+    }
+
+    fn receive(
+        &mut self,
+        _timestamp: smoltcp::time::Instant,
+    ) -> Option<(Self::RxToken<'_>, Self::TxToken<'_>)> {
+        let mut guard = self.inner.lock();
+        guard.recv_from_peer().map(|buf| {
+            // log::info!("VethDriver received data: {:?}", buf);
+            (
+                VethRxToken { buffer: buf },
+                VethTxToken {
+                    driver: self.clone(),
+                },
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn transmit(&mut self, _timestamp: smoltcp::time::Instant) -> Option<Self::TxToken<'_>> {
+        Some(VethTxToken {
+            driver: self.clone(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cast_to([sync] Iface)]
+#[cast_to([sync] device::Device)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VethInterface {
+    name: String,
+    driver: VethDriverWarpper,
+    common: IfaceCommon,
+    inner: SpinLock<VethCommonData>,
+    locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct VethCommonData {
+    netdevice_common: NetDeviceCommonData,
+    device_common: DeviceCommonData,
+    kobj_common: KObjectCommonData,
+    peer_veth: Weak<VethInterface>,
+
+    bridge_common_data: Option<BridgeCommonData>,
+}
+
+impl VethInterface {
+    pub fn peer_veth(&self) -> Arc<VethInterface> {
+        self.inner.lock().peer_veth.upgrade().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(driver: VethDriver) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let iface_id = generate_iface_id();
+        let name = driver.name();
+        let mac = [
+            0x02,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (iface_id >> 8) as u8,
+            iface_id as u8,
+        ];
+        let hw_addr = HardwareAddress::Ethernet(EthernetAddress(mac));
+        let mut iface_config = smoltcp::iface::Config::new(hw_addr);
+        iface_config.random_seed = rand() as u64;
+        let mut iface = smoltcp::iface::Interface::new(
+            iface_config,
+            &mut driver.clone(),
+            crate::time::Instant::now().into(),
+        );
+        iface.set_any_ip(true);
+
+        let flags = InterfaceFlags::BROADCAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::MULTICAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::UP
+            | InterfaceFlags::RUNNING
+            | InterfaceFlags::LOWER_UP;
+
+        let device = Arc::new(VethInterface {
+            name,
+            driver: VethDriverWarpper(UnsafeCell::new(driver.clone())),
+            common: IfaceCommon::new(iface_id, super::types::InterfaceType::EETHER, flags, iface),
+            inner: SpinLock::new(VethCommonData::default()),
+            locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::default(),
+        });
+        let napi_struct = NapiStruct::new(device.clone(), 10);
+        *device.common.napi_struct.write() = Some(napi_struct);
+
+        driver.inner.lock().self_iface_ref = Arc::downgrade(&device);
+
+        // log::info!("VethInterface {} created with ID {}", device.name, iface_id);
+        device
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_peer_iface(&self, peer: &Arc<VethInterface>) {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.lock();
+        inner.peer_veth = Arc::downgrade(peer);
+        self.driver.inner.lock().set_peer_iface(peer);
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_pair(name1: &str, name2: &str) -> (Arc<Self>, Arc<Self>) {
+        let (driver1, driver2) = VethDriver::new_pair(name1, name2);
+        let iface1 = VethInterface::new(driver1);
+        let iface2 = VethInterface::new(driver2);
+
+        iface1.set_peer_iface(&iface2);
+        iface2.set_peer_iface(&iface1);
+
+        (iface1, iface2)
+    }
+
+    fn inner(&self) -> SpinLockGuard<'_, VethCommonData> {
+        self.inner.lock()
+    }
+
+    /// # `update_ip_addrs`
+    /// 更新虚拟以太网设备的 IP 地址
+    /// ## 参数
+    /// - `cidr`: 要添加的 IP 地址和子网掩码
+    /// ## 描述
+    /// 该方法会将指定的 IP 地址添加到虚拟以太网设备的 IP 地址列表中。
+    /// 如果添加失败（例如列表已满），则会触发 panic。
+    pub fn update_ip_addrs(&self, cidr: IpCidr) {
+        let iface = &mut self.common.smol_iface.lock_irqsave();
+        iface.update_ip_addrs(|ip_addrs| {
+            ip_addrs.push(cidr).expect("Push ipCidr failed: full");
+        });
+        self.common.router_common_data.ip_addrs.write().push(cidr);
+
+        // // 直接更新对端的arp_table
+        // self.inner.lock().peer_veth.upgrade().map(|peer| {
+        //     peer.common
+        //         .router_common_data
+        //         .arp_table
+        //         .write()
+        //         .insert(cidr.address(), self.mac())
+        // });
+
+        // log::info!("VethInterface {} updated IP address: {}", self.name, addr);
+    }
+
+    /// # `add_default_route_to_peer`
+    /// 添加默认路由到对端虚拟以太网设备
+    /// ## 参数
+    /// - `peer_ip`: 对端设备的 IP 地址
+    /// ## 描述
+    /// 该方法会在当前虚拟以太网设备的路由表中
+    /// 添加一条默认路由，
+    /// 指向对端虚拟以太网设备的 IP 地址。
+    /// 如果添加失败，则会触发 panic。
+    ///
+    pub fn add_default_route_to_peer(&self, peer_ip: IpAddress) {
+        let iface = &mut self.common.smol_iface.lock_irqsave();
+        // iface.update_ip_addrs(|ip_addrs| {
+        //     ip_addrs.push(self_cidr).expect("Push ipCidr failed: full");
+        // });
+        iface.routes_mut().update(|routes_map| {
+            routes_map
+                .push(smoltcp::iface::Route {
+                    cidr: IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(0, 0, 0, 0), 0),
+                    via_router: peer_ip,
+                    preferred_until: None,
+                    expires_at: None,
+                })
+                .expect("Add default route to peer failed");
+        });
+    }
+
+    // pub fn add_direct_route(&self, cidr: IpCidr, via_router: IpAddress) {
+    //     let iface = &mut self.common.smol_iface.lock_irqsave();
+    //     iface.routes_mut().update(|routes_map| {
+    //         routes_map
+    //             .push(smoltcp::iface::Route {
+    //                 cidr,
+    //                 via_router,
+    //                 preferred_until: None,
+    //                 expires_at: None,
+    //             })
+    //             .expect("Add direct route failed");
+    //     });
+    // }
+}
+
+impl KObject for VethInterface {
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn set_inode(&self, inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>) {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kern_inode = inode;
+    }
+
+    fn inode(&self) -> Option<Arc<KernFSInode>> {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kern_inode.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn KObject>> {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.parent.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_parent(&self, parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>) {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    fn kset(&self) -> Option<Arc<KSet>> {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kset.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kset(&self, kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>) {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kset = kset;
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_type(&self) -> Option<&'static dyn KObjType> {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kobj_type
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_name(&self, _name: String) {}
+    fn kobj_state(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'_, KObjectState> {
+        self.locked_kobj_state.read()
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<'_, KObjectState> {
+        self.locked_kobj_state.write()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_state(&self, state: KObjectState) {
+        *self.locked_kobj_state.write() = state;
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_type(&self, ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>) {
+        self.inner().kobj_common.kobj_type = ktype;
+    }
+}
+
+impl device::Device for VethInterface {
+    fn dev_type(&self) -> DeviceType {
+        DeviceType::Net
+    }
+
+    fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
+        IdTable::new(self.name.clone(), None)
+    }
+
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
+        self.inner().device_common.bus.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
+        self.inner().device_common.bus = bus;
+    }
+
+    fn class(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Class>> {
+        let mut guard = self.inner();
+        let r = guard.device_common.class.clone()?.upgrade();
+        if r.is_none() {
+            guard.device_common.class = None;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+
+    fn set_class(&self, class: Option<Weak<dyn Class>>) {
+        self.inner().device_common.class = class;
+    }
+
+    fn driver(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Driver>> {
+        let r = self.inner().device_common.driver.clone()?.upgrade();
+        if r.is_none() {
+            self.inner().device_common.driver = None;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+
+    fn set_driver(&self, driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>) {
+        self.inner().device_common.driver = driver;
+    }
+
+    fn is_dead(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn can_match(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner().device_common.can_match
+    }
+
+    fn set_can_match(&self, can_match: bool) {
+        self.inner().device_common.can_match = can_match;
+    }
+
+    fn state_synced(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn dev_parent(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn device::Device>> {
+        self.inner().device_common.get_parent_weak_or_clear()
+    }
+
+    fn set_dev_parent(&self, parent: Option<Weak<dyn device::Device>>) {
+        self.inner().device_common.parent = parent;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iface for VethInterface {
+    fn common(&self) -> &IfaceCommon {
+        &self.common
+    }
+
+    fn iface_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn mac(&self) -> EthernetAddress {
+        if let HardwareAddress::Ethernet(mac) =
+            self.common.smol_iface.lock_irqsave().hardware_addr()
+        {
+            mac
+        } else {
+            EthernetAddress([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn poll(&self) -> bool {
+        // log::info!("VethInterface {} polling normal", self.name);
+        self.common.poll(self.driver.force_get_mut())
+        // self.clear_recv_buffer();
+    }
+
+    fn addr_assign_type(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.addr_assign_type
+    }
+
+    fn net_device_type(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.net_device_type = 1;
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.net_device_type
+    }
+
+    fn net_state(&self) -> NetDeivceState {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.state
+    }
+
+    fn set_net_state(&self, state: NetDeivceState) {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.state |= state;
+    }
+
+    fn operstate(&self) -> Operstate {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.operstate
+    }
+
+    fn set_operstate(&self, state: Operstate) {
+        self.inner().netdevice_common.operstate = state;
+    }
+
+    fn mtu(&self) -> usize {
+        use smoltcp::phy::Device;
+        self.driver
+            .force_get_mut()
+            .capabilities()
+            .max_transmission_unit
+    }
+}
+
+impl BridgeEnableDevice for VethInterface {
+    fn receive_from_bridge(&self, frame: &[u8]) {
+        // log::info!("VethInterface {} received from bridge", self.name);
+        let peer = self.peer_veth();
+
+        if self
+            .inner
+            .lock()
+            .bridge_common_data
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .bridge_driver_ref
+            .upgrade()
+            .is_some()
+        {
+            // log::info!("VethInterface {} sending data to peer", self.name);
+
+            // let peer = self.peer_veth();
+            Veth::to_peer(&peer, frame);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_common_bridge_data(&self, port: &BridgePort) {
+        // log::info!("Now set bridge port data for {}", self.name);
+        let mut inner = self.inner.lock();
+        let data = BridgeCommonData {
+            id: port.id,
+            bridge_driver_ref: port.bridge_driver_ref.clone(),
+        };
+        inner.bridge_common_data = Some(data);
+    }
+
+    fn common_bridge_data(&self) -> Option<BridgeCommonData> {
+        self.inner().bridge_common_data.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl RouterEnableDevice for VethInterface {
+    fn route_and_send(&self, _next_hop: &IpAddress, ip_packet: &[u8]) {
+        // log::info!(
+        //     "VethInterface {} routing packet to {}",
+        //     self.iface_name(),
+        //     next_hop
+        // );
+
+        // 构造以太网帧
+        let dst_mac = self.peer_veth().mac();
+        let src_mac = self.mac();
+
+        // 以太网类型为 IPv4
+        let ethertype = [0x08, 0x00];
+
+        let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(14 + ip_packet.len());
+        frame.extend_from_slice(&dst_mac.0);
+        frame.extend_from_slice(&src_mac.0);
+        frame.extend_from_slice(&ethertype);
+        frame.extend_from_slice(ip_packet);
+
+        // 发送到对端
+        self.driver.inner.lock().send_to_peer(&frame);
+    }
+
+    fn is_my_ip(&self, ip: IpAddress) -> bool {
+        self.common
+            .ip_addrs()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|cidr| cidr.contains_addr(&ip))
+    }
+}
+
+fn veth_route_test() {
+    let (iface_ns1, iface_host1) = VethInterface::new_pair("veth-ns1", "veth-host1");
+    let (iface_ns2, iface_host2) = VethInterface::new_pair("veth-ns2", "veth-host2");
+
+    let addr1 = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 1, 1);
+    let cidr1 = IpCidr::new(addr1, 24);
+    iface_ns1.update_ip_addrs(cidr1);
+
+    let addr2 = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 1, 254);
+    let cidr2 = IpCidr::new(addr2, 24);
+    iface_host1.update_ip_addrs(cidr2);
+
+    let addr3 = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 254);
+    let cidr3 = IpCidr::new(addr3, 24);
+    iface_host2.update_ip_addrs(cidr3);
+
+    let addr4 = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 3);
+    let cidr4 = IpCidr::new(addr4, 24);
+    iface_ns2.update_ip_addrs(cidr4);
+
+    // 添加默认路由
+    iface_ns1.add_default_route_to_peer(addr2);
+    iface_host1.add_default_route_to_peer(addr1);
+
+    iface_host2.add_default_route_to_peer(addr4);
+    iface_ns2.add_default_route_to_peer(addr3);
+
+    let turn_on = |a: &Arc<VethInterface>, ns: Arc<NetNamespace>| {
+        a.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
+        a.set_operstate(Operstate::IF_OPER_UP);
+        // NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave().insert(a.nic_id(), a.clone());
+        ns.add_device(a.clone());
+        a.common().set_net_namespace(ns.clone());
+        register_netdevice(a.clone()).expect("register veth device failed");
+    };
+
+    let ns1 = NetNamespace::new_empty(ProcessManager::current_user_ns()).unwrap();
+    let ns2 = NetNamespace::new_empty(ProcessManager::current_user_ns()).unwrap();
+
+    let router_ns1 = ns1.router();
+    // 任何发往 192.168.1.0/24 网络的数据包都是本地邻居，可以直接从 veth-ns1 发送。
+    let dest = IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 1, 0), 24);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_connected(dest, iface_ns1.clone());
+    router_ns1.add_route(route);
+    // 任何不匹配其他路由的数据包，都应该通过 veth-ns1 接口发送给下一跳 192.168.1.254。
+    let next_hop = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 1, 254);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_default(next_hop, iface_ns1.clone());
+    router_ns1.add_route(route);
+
+    let router_ns2 = ns2.router();
+    // 任何发往 192.168.2.0/24 网络的数据包都是本地邻居，可以直接从 veth-ns2 发送
+    let dest = IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 0), 24);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_connected(dest, iface_ns2.clone());
+    router_ns2.add_route(route);
+    // 任何不匹配其他路由的数据包，都应该通过 veth-ns2 接口发送给下一跳 192.168.2.254
+    let next_hop = IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 254);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_default(next_hop, iface_ns2.clone());
+    router_ns2.add_route(route);
+
+    let host_router = INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.router();
+    // 任何发往 192.168.1.0/24 网络的数据包，都应该从 veth-host1 接口直接发送
+    let dest = IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 1, 0), 24);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_connected(dest, iface_host1.clone());
+    host_router.add_route(route);
+    // 任何发往 192.168.2.0/24 网络的数据包，都应该从 veth-host2 接口直接发送
+    let dest = IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 0), 24);
+    let route = RouteEntry::new_connected(dest, iface_host2.clone());
+    host_router.add_route(route);
+
+    turn_on(&iface_ns1, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+    turn_on(&iface_ns2, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+    turn_on(&iface_host1, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+    turn_on(&iface_host2, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+
+    let snat_rules = vec![SnatRule {
+        // 匹配所有来自 192.168.1.0/24 网络的流量
+        source_cidr: "192.168.1.0/24".parse().unwrap(),
+        // 将源地址转换为 192.168.2.254(hardcode)
+        nat_ip: IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 254),
+    }];
+
+    let dnat_rules = vec![DnatRule {
+        external_addr: IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 1),
+        internal_addr: IpAddress::v4(192, 168, 2, 3),
+        internal_port: None,
+        external_port: None,
+    }];
+
+    host_router.nat_tracker().update_snat_rules(snat_rules);
+    host_router.nat_tracker().update_dnat_rules(dnat_rules);
+}
+
+fn veth_epoll_test() {
+    let (iface1, iface2) = VethInterface::new_pair("veth1", "veth2");
+
+    let addr1 = IpAddress::v4(111, 111, 11, 1);
+    let cidr1 = IpCidr::new(addr1, 24);
+    iface1.update_ip_addrs(cidr1);
+
+    let addr2 = IpAddress::v4(111, 111, 11, 2);
+    let cidr2 = IpCidr::new(addr2, 24);
+    iface2.update_ip_addrs(cidr2);
+
+    iface1.add_default_route_to_peer(addr2);
+    iface2.add_default_route_to_peer(addr1);
+
+    let turn_on = |a: &Arc<VethInterface>, ns: Arc<NetNamespace>| {
+        a.set_net_state(NetDeivceState::__LINK_STATE_START);
+        a.set_operstate(Operstate::IF_OPER_UP);
+        // NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave().insert(a.nic_id(), a.clone());
+        ns.add_device(a.clone());
+        a.common().set_net_namespace(ns.clone());
+        register_netdevice(a.clone()).expect("register veth device failed");
+    };
+
+    turn_on(&iface1, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+    turn_on(&iface2, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+}
+
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_DEVICE)]
+pub fn veth_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    veth_epoll_test();
+    veth_route_test();
+    log::info!("Veth pair initialized.");
+    Ok(())
+}

kernel/src/driver/net/virtio_net.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ use crate::{
             kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectCommonData, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
             kset::KSet,
         },
-        net::register_netdevice,
+        net::{
+            napi::{napi_schedule, NapiStruct},
+            register_netdevice,
+            types::InterfaceFlags,
+        },
         virtio::{
             irq::virtio_irq_manager,
             sysfs::{virtio_bus, virtio_device_manager, virtio_driver_manager},
@@ -43,10 +47,11 @@ use crate::{
     filesystem::{kernfs::KernFSInode, sysfs::AttributeGroup},
     init::initcall::INITCALL_POSTCORE,
     libs::{
-        rwlock::{RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard},
+        rwlock::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard},
         spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard},
     },
-    net::{generate_iface_id, NET_DEVICES},
+    net::generate_iface_id,
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE,
     time::Instant,
 };
 use system_error::SystemError;
@@ -68,6 +73,9 @@ pub struct VirtIONetDevice {
     dev_id: Arc<DeviceId>,
     inner: SpinLock<InnerVirtIONetDevice>,
     locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
+
+    // 指向对应的interface
+    iface_ref: RwLock<Weak<VirtioInterface>>,
 }
 
 impl Debug for VirtIONetDevice {
@@ -125,6 +133,7 @@ impl VirtIONetDevice {
                 device_common: DeviceCommonData::default(),
             }),
             locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::default(),
+            iface_ref: RwLock::new(Weak::new()),
         });
 
         // dev.set_driver(Some(Arc::downgrade(&virtio_net_driver()) as Weak<dyn Driver>));
@@ -135,6 +144,14 @@ impl VirtIONetDevice {
     fn inner(&self) -> SpinLockGuard<'_, InnerVirtIONetDevice> {
         return self.inner.lock();
     }
+
+    pub fn set_iface(&self, iface: &Arc<VirtioInterface>) {
+        *self.iface_ref.write() = Arc::downgrade(iface);
+    }
+
+    pub fn iface(&self) -> Option<Arc<VirtioInterface>> {
+        self.iface_ref.read().upgrade()
+    }
 }
 
 impl KObject for VirtIONetDevice {
@@ -269,8 +286,22 @@ impl Device for VirtIONetDevice {
 
 impl VirtIODevice for VirtIONetDevice {
     fn handle_irq(&self, _irq: IrqNumber) -> Result<IrqReturn, SystemError> {
-        // log::debug!("try to wakeup");
-        super::kthread::wakeup_poll_thread();
+        let Some(iface) = self.iface() else {
+            error!(
+                "VirtIONetDevice '{:?}' has no associated iface to handle irq",
+                self.dev_id.id()
+            );
+            return Ok(IrqReturn::NotHandled);
+        };
+
+        let Some(napi) = iface.napi_struct() else {
+            log::error!("Virtio net device {} has no napi_struct", iface.name());
+            return Ok(IrqReturn::NotHandled);
+        };
+
+        napi_schedule(napi);
+
+        // self.netns.wakeup_poll_thread();
         return Ok(IrqReturn::Handled);
     }
 
@@ -390,6 +421,93 @@ pub struct VirtioInterface {
     locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
 }
 
+// // 先手糊为virtio实现这些，后面系统要是有了其他类型网卡，这些实现就得实现成一个单独的trait
+// impl VirtioInterface {
+//     /// 消耗token然后主动发送一个 arp 数据包
+//     pub fn emit_arp(arp_repr: &ArpRepr, tx_token: VirtioNetToken) {
+//         let ether_repr = match arp_repr {
+//             ArpRepr::EthernetIpv4 {
+//                 source_hardware_addr,
+//                 target_hardware_addr,
+//                 ..
+//             } => EthernetRepr {
+//                 src_addr: *source_hardware_addr,
+//                 dst_addr: *target_hardware_addr,
+//                 ethertype: EthernetProtocol::Arp,
+//             },
+//             _ => return,
+//         };
+
+//         tx_token.consume(ether_repr.buffer_len() + arp_repr.buffer_len(), |buffer| {
+//             let mut frame = EthernetFrame::new_unchecked(buffer);
+//             ether_repr.emit(&mut frame);
+
+//             let mut pkt = ArpPacket::new_unchecked(frame.payload_mut());
+//             arp_repr.emit(&mut pkt);
+//         });
+//     }
+
+//     /// 解析 arp 包并处理
+//     pub fn process_arp(&self, arp_repr: &ArpRepr) -> Option<ArpRepr> {
+//         match arp_repr {
+//             ArpRepr::EthernetIpv4 {
+//                 operation: ArpOperation::Reply,
+//                 source_hardware_addr,
+//                 source_protocol_addr,
+//                 ..
+//             } => {
+//                 if !source_hardware_addr.is_unicast()
+//                     || !self
+//                         .common()
+//                         .smol_iface
+//                         .lock()
+//                         .context()
+//                         .in_same_network(&IpAddress::Ipv4(*source_protocol_addr))
+//                 {
+//                     return None;
+//                 }
+
+//                 self.common().router_common_data.arp_table.write().insert(
+//                     IpAddress::Ipv4(*source_protocol_addr),
+//                     *source_hardware_addr,
+//                 );
+
+//                 None
+//             }
+//             ArpRepr::EthernetIpv4 {
+//                 operation: ArpOperation::Request,
+//                 source_hardware_addr,
+//                 source_protocol_addr,
+//                 target_protocol_addr,
+//                 ..
+//             } => {
+//                 if !source_hardware_addr.is_unicast() || !source_protocol_addr.x_is_unicast() {
+//                     return None;
+//                 }
+
+//                 if self
+//                     .common()
+//                     .smol_iface
+//                     .lock()
+//                     .context()
+//                     .ipv4_addr()
+//                     .is_none_or(|addr| addr != *target_protocol_addr)
+//                 {
+//                     return None;
+//                 }
+//                 Some(ArpRepr::EthernetIpv4 {
+//                     operation: ArpOperation::Reply,
+//                     source_hardware_addr: self.mac(),
+//                     source_protocol_addr: *target_protocol_addr,
+//                     target_hardware_addr: *source_hardware_addr,
+//                     target_protocol_addr: *source_protocol_addr,
+//                 })
+//             }
+//             _ => None,
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InnerVirtIOInterface {
     kobj_common: KObjectCommonData,
@@ -407,11 +525,22 @@ impl VirtioInterface {
 
         let iface = iface::Interface::new(iface_config, &mut device_inner, Instant::now().into());
 
-        let result = Arc::new(VirtioInterface {
+        let flags = InterfaceFlags::UP
+            | InterfaceFlags::BROADCAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::RUNNING
+            | InterfaceFlags::MULTICAST
+            | InterfaceFlags::LOWER_UP;
+
+        let iface = Arc::new(VirtioInterface {
             device_inner: VirtIONicDeviceInnerWrapper(UnsafeCell::new(device_inner)),
             locked_kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::default(),
             iface_name: format!("eth{}", iface_id),
-            iface_common: super::IfaceCommon::new(iface_id, true, iface),
+            iface_common: super::IfaceCommon::new(
+                iface_id,
+                crate::driver::net::types::InterfaceType::EETHER,
+                flags,
+                iface,
+            ),
             inner: SpinLock::new(InnerVirtIOInterface {
                 kobj_common: KObjectCommonData::default(),
                 device_common: DeviceCommonData::default(),
@@ -419,7 +548,11 @@ impl VirtioInterface {
             }),
         });
 
-        return result;
+        // 设置napi struct
+        let napi_struct = NapiStruct::new(iface.clone(), 10);
+        *iface.common().napi_struct.write() = Some(napi_struct);
+
+        iface
     }
 
     fn inner(&self) -> SpinLockGuard<'_, InnerVirtIOInterface> {
@@ -436,7 +569,10 @@ impl VirtioInterface {
 impl Drop for VirtioInterface {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // 从全局的网卡接口信息表中删除这个网卡的接口信息
-        NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave().remove(&self.nic_id());
+        // NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave().remove(&self.nic_id());
+        if let Some(ns) = self.net_namespace() {
+            ns.remove_device(&self.nic_id());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -650,7 +786,7 @@ impl Iface for VirtioInterface {
         return self.iface_name.clone();
     }
 
-    fn poll(&self) {
+    fn poll(&self) -> bool {
         // log::debug!("VirtioInterface: poll");
         self.iface_common.poll(self.device_inner.force_get_mut())
     }
@@ -683,6 +819,14 @@ impl Iface for VirtioInterface {
     fn set_operstate(&self, state: Operstate) {
         self.inner().netdevice_common.operstate = state;
     }
+
+    fn mtu(&self) -> usize {
+        use smoltcp::phy::Device;
+        self.device_inner
+            .force_get_mut()
+            .capabilities()
+            .max_transmission_unit
+    }
 }
 
 impl KObject for VirtioInterface {
@@ -819,10 +963,18 @@ impl VirtIODriver for VirtIONetDriver {
         // 在sysfs中注册iface
         register_netdevice(iface.clone() as Arc<dyn Iface>)?;
 
+        // 将virtio_net_device和iface关联起来
+        virtio_net_device.set_iface(&iface);
+
         // 将网卡的接口信息注册到全局的网卡接口信息表中
-        NET_DEVICES
-            .write_irqsave()
-            .insert(iface.nic_id(), iface.clone());
+        // NET_DEVICES
+        //     .write_irqsave()
+        //     .insert(iface.nic_id(), iface.clone());
+        INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.add_device(iface.clone());
+        iface
+            .iface_common
+            .set_net_namespace(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone());
+        INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.set_default_iface(iface.clone());
 
         virtio_irq_manager()
             .register_device(device.clone())

kernel/src/filesystem/epoll/event_poll.rs

@@ -663,6 +663,7 @@ impl EventPoll {
                 epoll_guard.ep_add_ready(epitem.clone());
 
                 if epoll_guard.ep_has_waiter() {
+                    // log::info!("wakeup epoll waiters");
                     if ep_events.contains(EPollEventType::EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)
                         && !pollflags.contains(EPollEventType::POLLFREE)
                     {

kernel/src/filesystem/epoll/mod.rs

@@ -195,3 +195,9 @@ bitflags! {
         const EPOLL_LISTEN_CAN_ACCEPT = Self::EPOLLIN.bits | Self::EPOLLRDNORM.bits;
     }
 }
+
+impl EPollEventType {
+    pub fn filter(&self, events: &EPollEventType) -> bool {
+        self.intersects(*events)
+    }
+}

kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mod.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use crate::{
         spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard},
     },
     mm::{fault::PageFaultMessage, VmFaultReason},
+    net::socket::Socket,
     process::ProcessManager,
     time::PosixTimeSpec,
 };
@@ -687,6 +688,19 @@ pub trait IndexNode: Any + Sync + Send + Debug + CastFromSync {
         );
         return Err(SystemError::ENOSYS);
     }
+
+    /// # 将当前Inode转换为 Socket 引用
+    ///
+    /// # 返回值
+    /// - Some(&dyn Socket): 当前Inode是Socket类型，返回其引用
+    /// - None: 当前Inode不是Socket类型
+    ///
+    /// # 注意
+    /// 这个方法已经为dyn Socket实现，
+    /// 所以如果可以确定当前`dyn IndexNode`是`dyn Socket`类型，则可以直接调用此方法进行转换
+    fn as_socket(&self) -> Option<&dyn Socket> {
+        None
+    }
 }
 
 impl DowncastArc for dyn IndexNode {

kernel/src/net/mod.rs

@@ -4,21 +4,14 @@
 //! 敬请注意。
 use core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 
-use alloc::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
-
-use crate::{driver::net::Iface, libs::rwlock::RwLock};
+use crate::driver::net::Iface;
 
 pub mod net_core;
 pub mod posix;
+pub mod routing;
 pub mod socket;
 pub mod syscall;
 
-lazy_static! {
-    /// # 所有网络接口的列表
-    /// 这个列表在中断上下文会使用到，因此需要irqsave
-    pub static ref NET_DEVICES: RwLock<BTreeMap<usize, Arc<dyn Iface>>> = RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new());
-}
-
 /// 生成网络接口的id (全局自增)
 pub fn generate_iface_id() -> usize {
     static IFACE_ID: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);

kernel/src/net/net_core.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
     driver::net::Operstate,
-    net::NET_DEVICES,
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE,
     time::{sleep::nanosleep, PosixTimeSpec},
 };
 
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ pub fn net_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
 }
 
 fn dhcp_query() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-    let binding = NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave();
+    // let binding = NET_DEVICES.write_irqsave();
+    let binding = INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.device_list_mut();
 
     let net_face = binding
         .iter()
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ fn dhcp_query() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         sockets().remove(dhcp_handle);
     });
 
-    const DHCP_TRY_ROUND: u8 = 100;
+    const DHCP_TRY_ROUND: u8 = 10;
     for i in 0..DHCP_TRY_ROUND {
         log::debug!("DHCP try round: {}", i);
         net_face.poll();

kernel/src/net/posix.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ impl PosixArgsSocketType {
 }
 
 use super::socket::{endpoint::Endpoint, AddressFamily};
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::addr::{multicast::GroupIdSet, NetlinkSocketAddr};
 use crate::net::socket::unix::UnixEndpoint;
 use alloc::string::ToString;
 use core::ffi::CStr;
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@ impl From<smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint> for SockAddr {
             smoltcp::wire::IpAddress::Ipv4(ipv4_addr) => Self {
                 addr_in: SockAddrIn {
                     sin_family: AddressFamily::INet as u16,
-                    sin_port: value.port,
-                    sin_addr: ipv4_addr.to_bits(),
+                    sin_port: value.port.to_be(),
+                    sin_addr: ipv4_addr.to_bits().to_be(),
                     sin_zero: Default::default(),
                 },
             },
@@ -146,12 +147,26 @@ impl From<UnixEndpoint> for SockAddr {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<NetlinkSocketAddr> for SockAddr {
+    fn from(value: NetlinkSocketAddr) -> Self {
+        SockAddr {
+            addr_nl: SockAddrNl {
+                nl_family: AddressFamily::Netlink,
+                nl_pad: 0,
+                nl_pid: value.port(),
+                nl_groups: value.groups().as_u32(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Endpoint> for SockAddr {
     fn from(value: Endpoint) -> Self {
         match value {
             Endpoint::LinkLayer(_link_layer_endpoint) => todo!(),
             Endpoint::Ip(endpoint) => Self::from(endpoint),
             Endpoint::Unix(unix_endpoint) => Self::from(unix_endpoint),
+            Endpoint::Netlink(netlink_addr) => Self::from(netlink_addr),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -252,6 +267,21 @@ impl SockAddr {
 
                     return Ok(Endpoint::Unix(UnixEndpoint::File(path.to_string())));
                 }
+                AddressFamily::Netlink => {
+                    if len < addr.len()? {
+                        log::error!("len < addr.len() for Netlink");
+                        return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+                    }
+
+                    let addr_nl: SockAddrNl = addr.addr_nl;
+                    let nl_pid = addr_nl.nl_pid;
+                    let nl_groups = addr_nl.nl_groups;
+
+                    Ok(Endpoint::Netlink(NetlinkSocketAddr::new(
+                        nl_pid,
+                        GroupIdSet::new(nl_groups),
+                    )))
+                }
                 _ => {
                     log::warn!("not support address family {:?}", addr.family);
                     return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);

kernel/src/net/routing/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+use crate::driver::net::Iface;
+use crate::libs::rwlock::RwLock;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::ConnTracker;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::DnatPolicy;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::FiveTuple;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::NatPktStatus;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::NatPolicy;
+use crate::net::routing::nat::SnatPolicy;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::INIT_NET_NAMESPACE;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::net::Ipv4Addr;
+use smoltcp::wire::{EthernetFrame, IpAddress, IpCidr, Ipv4Packet};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+mod nat;
+
+pub use nat::{DnatRule, SnatRule};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RouteEntry {
+    /// 目标网络
+    pub destination: IpCidr,
+    /// 下一跳地址（如果是直连网络则为None）
+    pub next_hop: Option<IpAddress>,
+    /// 出接口
+    pub interface: Weak<dyn RouterEnableDevice>,
+    /// 路由优先级（数值越小优先级越高）
+    pub metric: u32,
+    /// 路由类型
+    pub route_type: RouteType,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum RouteType {
+    /// 直连路由
+    Connected,
+    /// 静态路由
+    Static,
+    /// 默认路由
+    Default,
+}
+
+impl RouteEntry {
+    pub fn new_connected(destination: IpCidr, interface: Arc<dyn RouterEnableDevice>) -> Self {
+        RouteEntry {
+            destination,
+            next_hop: None,
+            interface: Arc::downgrade(&interface),
+            metric: 0,
+            route_type: RouteType::Connected,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_static(
+        destination: IpCidr,
+        next_hop: IpAddress,
+        interface: Arc<dyn RouterEnableDevice>,
+        metric: u32,
+    ) -> Self {
+        RouteEntry {
+            destination,
+            next_hop: Some(next_hop),
+            interface: Arc::downgrade(&interface),
+            metric,
+            route_type: RouteType::Static,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_default(next_hop: IpAddress, interface: Arc<dyn RouterEnableDevice>) -> Self {
+        RouteEntry {
+            destination: IpCidr::new(IpAddress::v4(0, 0, 0, 0), 0),
+            next_hop: Some(next_hop),
+            interface: Arc::downgrade(&interface),
+            metric: 100,
+            route_type: RouteType::Default,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct RouteTable {
+    pub entries: Vec<RouteEntry>,
+}
+
+/// 路由决策结果
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RouteDecision {
+    /// 出接口
+    pub interface: Arc<dyn RouterEnableDevice>,
+    /// 下一跳地址（先写在这里
+    pub next_hop: IpAddress,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Router {
+    name: String,
+    /// 路由表 //todo 后面再优化LC-trie，现在先简单用一个Vec
+    route_table: RwLock<RouteTable>,
+    pub(self) nat_tracker: Arc<ConnTracker>,
+    pub ns: RwLock<Weak<NetNamespace>>,
+}
+
+impl Router {
+    pub fn new(name: String) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            name: name.clone(),
+            route_table: RwLock::new(RouteTable::default()),
+            nat_tracker: Arc::new(ConnTracker::default()),
+            ns: RwLock::new(Weak::default()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// 创建一个空的Router实例，主要用于初始化网络命名空间时使用
+    /// 注意： 这个Router实例不会启动轮询线程
+    pub fn new_empty() -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            name: "empty_router".to_string(),
+            route_table: RwLock::new(RouteTable::default()),
+            ns: RwLock::new(Weak::default()),
+            nat_tracker: Arc::new(ConnTracker::default()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_route(&self, route: RouteEntry) {
+        let mut guard = self.route_table.write();
+        let entries = &mut guard.entries;
+        let pos = entries
+            .iter()
+            .position(|r| r.metric > route.metric)
+            .unwrap_or(entries.len());
+
+        entries.insert(pos, route);
+        log::info!("Router {}: Added route to routing table", self.name);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_route(&self, destination: IpCidr) {
+        self.route_table
+            .write()
+            .entries
+            .retain(|route| route.destination != destination);
+    }
+
+    pub fn lookup_route(&self, dest_ip: IpAddress) -> Option<RouteDecision> {
+        let guard = self.route_table.read();
+        // 按最长前缀匹配原则查找路由
+        let best = guard
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|route| {
+                route.interface.strong_count() > 0 && route.destination.contains_addr(&dest_ip)
+            })
+            .max_by_key(|route| route.destination.prefix_len());
+
+        if let Some(entry) = best {
+            if let Some(interface) = entry.interface.upgrade() {
+                let next_hop = entry.next_hop.unwrap_or(dest_ip);
+                return Some(RouteDecision {
+                    interface,
+                    next_hop,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// 清理无效的路由表项（接口已经不存在的）
+    pub fn cleanup_routes(&mut self) {
+        self.route_table
+            .write()
+            .entries
+            .retain(|route| route.interface.strong_count() > 0);
+    }
+
+    pub fn nat_tracker(&self) -> Arc<ConnTracker> {
+        self.nat_tracker.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+/// 获取初始化网络命名空间下的路由表
+pub fn init_netns_router() -> Arc<Router> {
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.router().clone()
+}
+
+/// 可供路由设备应该实现的 trait
+pub trait RouterEnableDevice: Iface {
+    /// # 网卡处理可路由的包
+    /// ## 参数
+    /// - `packet`: 需要处理的以太网帧
+    /// ## 返回值
+    /// - `Ok(())`: 通过路由处理成功
+    /// - `Err(None)`: 忽略非IPv4包或没有路由到达的包，告诉外界没有经过处理，应该交由网卡进行默认处理
+    /// - `Err(Some(SystemError))`: 处理失败，可能是包格式错误或其他系统错误
+    fn handle_routable_packet(
+        &self,
+        ether_frame: &EthernetFrame<&[u8]>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Option<SystemError>> {
+        match ether_frame.ethertype() {
+            smoltcp::wire::EthernetProtocol::Ipv4 => {
+                // 获取IPv4包的可变引用
+                let mut payload_mut = ether_frame.payload().to_vec();
+                let mut ipv4_packet_mut =
+                    Ipv4Packet::new_checked(&mut payload_mut).map_err(|e| {
+                        log::warn!("Invalid IPv4 packet: {:?}", e);
+                        Some(SystemError::EINVAL)
+                    })?;
+
+                let maybe_tuple = FiveTuple::extract_from_ipv4_packet(
+                    &Ipv4Packet::new_checked(ether_frame.payload()).unwrap(),
+                );
+
+                // === PRE-ROUTING HOOK ===
+
+                let pkt_status = self.pre_routing_hook(&maybe_tuple, &mut ipv4_packet_mut);
+                ipv4_packet_mut.fill_checksum();
+
+                // === PRE-ROUTING HOOK END ===
+
+                let dst_ip = ipv4_packet_mut.dst_addr();
+
+                // 检查TTL
+                if ipv4_packet_mut.hop_limit() <= 1 {
+                    log::warn!("TTL exceeded for packet to {}", dst_ip);
+                    return Err(Some(SystemError::EINVAL));
+                }
+
+                // 检查是否是发给自己的包（目标IP是否是自己的IP）
+                if self.is_my_ip(dst_ip.into()) {
+                    // todo 按照linux的逻辑，只要包的目标ip在当前网络命名空间里面，就直接进入本地协议栈处理
+                    // todo 但是我们的操作系统中每个接口都是独立的，并没有统一处理和分发（socket），所有这里必须将包放到对应iface的接收队列里面
+                    // 交给本地协议栈处理
+                    // log::info!("Packet destined for local interface {}", self.iface_name());
+                    return Err(None);
+                }
+
+                // 查询当前网络命名空间下的路由表
+                let router = self.netns_router();
+
+                let decision = match router.lookup_route(dst_ip.into()) {
+                    Some(d) => d,
+                    None => {
+                        log::warn!("No route to {}", dst_ip);
+                        return Err(None);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                drop(router);
+
+                // === POST-ROUTING HOOK ===
+
+                let decision_src_ip = decision.interface.common().ipv4_addr().unwrap();
+                self.post_routing_hook(
+                    &maybe_tuple,
+                    &decision_src_ip,
+                    &mut ipv4_packet_mut,
+                    &pkt_status,
+                );
+                ipv4_packet_mut.fill_checksum();
+
+                // === POST-ROUTING HOOK END ===
+
+                // 检查是否是从同一个接口进来又要从同一个接口出去（避免回路）
+                if self.iface_name() == decision.interface.iface_name() {
+                    log::info!(
+                        "Ignoring packet loop from {} to {}",
+                        self.iface_name(),
+                        dst_ip
+                    );
+                    return Err(None);
+                }
+
+                // 创建修改后的IP包（递减TTL）
+                sub_ttl_ipv4(&mut ipv4_packet_mut);
+                ipv4_packet_mut.fill_checksum();
+
+                // 交给出接口进行发送
+                let next_hop = &decision.next_hop;
+                decision
+                    .interface
+                    .route_and_send(next_hop, ipv4_packet_mut.as_ref());
+
+                // log::info!("Routed packet from {} to {} ", self.iface_name(), dst_ip);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            smoltcp::wire::EthernetProtocol::Arp => {
+                // 忽略ARP包
+                // log::info!(
+                //     "Ignoring non-IPv4 packet on interface {}",
+                //     self.iface_name()
+                // );
+                Err(None)
+            }
+            smoltcp::wire::EthernetProtocol::Ipv6 => {
+                log::warn!("IPv6 is not supported yet, ignoring packet");
+                Err(None)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "Unknown ethertype {:?}, ignoring packet",
+                    ether_frame.ethertype()
+                );
+                Err(None)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn pre_routing_hook(
+        &self,
+        tuple: &Option<FiveTuple>,
+        ipv4_packet_mut: &mut Ipv4Packet<&mut Vec<u8>>,
+    ) -> NatPktStatus {
+        let Some(tuple) = tuple else {
+            return NatPktStatus::Untouched;
+        };
+
+        let tracker = self.netns_router().nat_tracker();
+
+        if let Some((new_dst_ip, new_dst_port)) = tracker.snat.lock().process_return_traffic(tuple)
+        {
+            // log::info!(
+            //     "Reverse SNAT: Translating {}:{} to {}:{}",
+            //     tuple.src_addr,
+            //     tuple.src_port,
+            //     new_dst_ip,
+            //     new_dst_port
+            // );
+
+            SnatPolicy::update_dst(
+                tuple.src_addr,
+                new_dst_ip,
+                new_dst_port,
+                tuple.protocol,
+                ipv4_packet_mut,
+            );
+
+            let new_tuple = FiveTuple {
+                dst_addr: new_dst_ip,
+                dst_port: new_dst_port,
+                src_addr: tuple.src_addr,
+                src_port: tuple.src_port,
+                protocol: tuple.protocol,
+            };
+
+            return NatPktStatus::ReverseSnat(new_tuple);
+        }
+
+        let mut dnat_guard = tracker.dnat.lock();
+        if let Some((new_dst_ip, new_dst_port)) = dnat_guard.process_new_connection(tuple) {
+            // log::info!(
+            //     "DNAT: Translating {}:{} to {}:{}",
+            //     tuple.dst_addr,
+            //     tuple.dst_port,
+            //     new_dst_ip,
+            //     new_dst_port
+            // );
+
+            DnatPolicy::update_dst(
+                tuple.src_addr,
+                new_dst_ip,
+                new_dst_port,
+                tuple.protocol,
+                ipv4_packet_mut,
+            );
+
+            let new_tuple = FiveTuple {
+                dst_addr: new_dst_ip,
+                dst_port: new_dst_port,
+                src_addr: tuple.src_addr,
+                src_port: tuple.src_port,
+                protocol: tuple.protocol,
+            };
+
+            return NatPktStatus::NewDnat(new_tuple);
+        }
+
+        return NatPktStatus::Untouched;
+    }
+
+    fn post_routing_hook(
+        &self,
+        tuple: &Option<FiveTuple>,
+        _decision_src_ip: &Ipv4Addr,
+        ipv4_packet_mut: &mut Ipv4Packet<&mut Vec<u8>>,
+        pkt_status: &NatPktStatus,
+    ) {
+        let tuple = match pkt_status {
+            NatPktStatus::ReverseSnat(t) => t,
+            NatPktStatus::NewDnat(t) => t,
+            NatPktStatus::Untouched => {
+                let Some(tuple) = tuple else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                tuple
+            }
+        };
+
+        let tracker = self.netns_router().nat_tracker();
+
+        if let Some((new_src_ip, new_src_port)) = tracker.dnat.lock().process_return_traffic(tuple)
+        {
+            // log::info!(
+            //     "Reverse DNAT: Translating src {}:{} -> {}:{}",
+            //     tuple.src_addr,
+            //     tuple.src_port,
+            //     new_src_ip,
+            //     new_src_port
+            // );
+
+            DnatPolicy::update_src(
+                tuple.dst_addr,
+                new_src_ip,
+                new_src_port,
+                tuple.protocol,
+                ipv4_packet_mut,
+            );
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut snat_guard = tracker.snat.lock();
+        if let Some((new_src_ip, new_src_port)) = snat_guard.process_new_connection(tuple) {
+            // log::info!(
+            //     "SNAT: Translating {}:{} -> {}:{}",
+            //     tuple.src_addr,
+            //     tuple.src_port,
+            //     new_src_ip,
+            //     new_src_port
+            // );
+
+            //TODO 应该加一个判断snat，可以支持直接改成出口接口的ip
+            // // 修改源IP地址
+            // let new_src_ip: IpAddress = if let IpAddress::Ipv4(new_src_ip) = new_src_ip {
+            //     new_src_ip.into()
+            // } else {
+            //     (*decision_src_ip).into()
+            // };
+
+            SnatPolicy::update_src(
+                tuple.dst_addr,
+                new_src_ip,
+                new_src_port,
+                tuple.protocol,
+                ipv4_packet_mut,
+            );
+
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 路由器决定通过此接口发送包时调用此方法
+    /// 同Linux的ndo_start_xmit()
+    ///
+    /// todo 在这里查询arp_table，找到目标IP对应的mac地址然后拼接，如果找不到的话就需要主动发送arp请求去查询mac地址了，手伸不到smoltcp内部:(
+    /// 后续需要将arp查询的逻辑从smoltcp中抽离出来
+    fn route_and_send(&self, next_hop: &IpAddress, ip_packet: &[u8]);
+
+    /// 检查IP地址是否是当前接口的IP
+    /// todo 这里实现有误，不应该判断是否当前接口的IP，而是应该判断是否是当前网络命名空间的IP
+    fn is_my_ip(&self, ip: IpAddress) -> bool;
+
+    fn netns_router(&self) -> Arc<Router> {
+        self.net_namespace()
+            .map_or_else(init_netns_router, |ns| ns.router())
+    }
+}
+
+fn sub_ttl_ipv4(ipv4_packet: &mut Ipv4Packet<&mut Vec<u8>>) {
+    let new_ttl = ipv4_packet.hop_limit().saturating_sub(1);
+    ipv4_packet.set_hop_limit(new_ttl);
+}
+
+/// # 每一个`RouterEnableDevice`应该有的公共数据，包含
+/// - 当前接口的arp_table，记录邻居（//todo：将网卡的发送以及处理逻辑从smoltcp中移动出来，目前只是简单为veth实现这个，因为可以直接查到对端的mac地址）
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RouterEnableDeviceCommon {
+    /// 当前接口的邻居缓存
+    // pub arp_table: RwLock<BTreeMap<IpAddress, EthernetAddress>>,
+    /// 当前接口的IP地址列表（因为如果直接通过smoltcp获取ip的话可能导致死锁，因此则这里维护一份）
+    pub ip_addrs: RwLock<Vec<IpCidr>>,
+}
+
+impl Default for RouterEnableDeviceCommon {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // arp_table: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            ip_addrs: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/routing/nat.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::libs::spinlock::SpinLock;
+use crate::time::Duration;
+use crate::time::Instant;
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use smoltcp::wire::{IpAddress, IpCidr, Ipv4Packet};
+
+pub(super) trait NatMapping: Debug + Clone + Copy {
+    fn last_seen(&self) -> Instant;
+    fn update_last_seen(&mut self, time: Instant);
+}
+
+impl NatMapping for SnatMapping {
+    fn last_seen(&self) -> Instant {
+        self.last_seen
+    }
+    fn update_last_seen(&mut self, now: Instant) {
+        self.last_seen = now;
+    }
+}
+
+impl NatMapping for DnatMapping {
+    fn last_seen(&self) -> Instant {
+        self.last_seen
+    }
+    fn update_last_seen(&mut self, now: Instant) {
+        self.last_seen = now;
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) trait NatPolicy {
+    type Rule: Debug + Clone;
+    type Mapping: NatMapping + Send + Sync;
+
+    fn translate(rule: &Self::Rule, original: &FiveTuple) -> (FiveTuple, Self::Mapping);
+    fn find_matching_rule(rules: &[Self::Rule], tuple: &FiveTuple) -> Option<Self::Rule>;
+    fn get_translation_for_return_traffic(mapping: &Self::Mapping) -> (IpAddress, u16);
+
+    fn update_src(
+        dst_ip: IpAddress,
+        new_src_ip: IpAddress,
+        new_src_port: u16,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        ipv4_packet_mut: &mut Ipv4Packet<&mut Vec<u8>>,
+    ) {
+        // 修改源IP地址
+        let IpAddress::Ipv4(new_src_ip_v4) = new_src_ip else {
+            return;
+        };
+        ipv4_packet_mut.set_src_addr(new_src_ip_v4);
+
+        let payload_mut = ipv4_packet_mut.payload_mut();
+        match protocol {
+            Protocol::Tcp => {
+                let mut tcp_packet = smoltcp::wire::TcpPacket::new_checked(payload_mut).unwrap();
+                tcp_packet.set_src_port(new_src_port);
+                // 重新计算TCP校验和
+                tcp_packet.fill_checksum(&new_src_ip, &dst_ip);
+            }
+            Protocol::Udp => {
+                let mut udp_packet = smoltcp::wire::UdpPacket::new_checked(payload_mut).unwrap();
+                udp_packet.set_src_port(new_src_port);
+                // 重新计算UDP校验和
+                udp_packet.fill_checksum(&new_src_ip, &dst_ip);
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update_dst(
+        src_ip: IpAddress,
+        new_dst_ip: IpAddress,
+        new_dst_port: u16,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        ipv4_packet_mut: &mut Ipv4Packet<&mut Vec<u8>>,
+    ) {
+        let IpAddress::Ipv4(new_dst_ip_v4) = new_dst_ip else {
+            return;
+        };
+        ipv4_packet_mut.set_dst_addr(new_dst_ip_v4);
+
+        let payload_mut = ipv4_packet_mut.payload_mut();
+        match protocol {
+            Protocol::Tcp => {
+                let mut tcp_packet = smoltcp::wire::TcpPacket::new_checked(payload_mut).unwrap();
+                tcp_packet.set_dst_port(new_dst_port);
+                // 重新计算TCP校验和
+                tcp_packet.fill_checksum(&src_ip, &new_dst_ip);
+            }
+            Protocol::Udp => {
+                let mut udp_packet = smoltcp::wire::UdpPacket::new_checked(payload_mut).unwrap();
+                udp_packet.set_dst_port(new_dst_port);
+                // 重新计算UDP校验和
+                udp_packet.fill_checksum(&src_ip, &new_dst_ip);
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct NatTracker<P: NatPolicy> {
+    rules: Vec<P::Rule>,
+    mappings: HashMap<FiveTuple, P::Mapping>,
+    reverse_mappings: HashMap<FiveTuple, FiveTuple>,
+    policy_marker: PhantomData<P>,
+}
+
+impl<P: NatPolicy> Default for NatTracker<P> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rules: Vec::new(),
+            mappings: HashMap::new(),
+            reverse_mappings: HashMap::new(),
+            policy_marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: NatPolicy> NatTracker<P> {
+    pub fn update_rules(&mut self, rules: Vec<P::Rule>) {
+        self.rules = rules;
+    }
+
+    pub fn cleanup_expired(&mut self, now: Instant) {
+        // 收集需要移除的键
+        let expired_keys: Vec<FiveTuple> = self
+            .mappings
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, mapping)| {
+                now.duration_since(mapping.last_seen()).unwrap() > Duration::from_secs(300)
+            })
+            .map(|(key, _)| *key)
+            .collect();
+
+        for key in expired_keys {
+            self.mappings.remove(&key);
+            // 注意：反向映射表的清理比较复杂，因为多个主映射可能共享一个反向键（如果实现端口复用）
+            // 或者需要遍历 reverse_mappings 找到 value 为 key 的条目并删除。
+            // 为简单起见，这里只清理主表。更健壮的实现需要双向链接或引用计数。
+            log::info!("Cleaned up expired connection for key: {:?}", key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub fn insert_rule(&mut self, rule: P::Rule) {
+        self.rules.push(rule);
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_new_connection(&mut self, tuple: &FiveTuple) -> Option<(IpAddress, u16)> {
+        // let rules = self.rules.lock();
+        let matching_rule = P::find_matching_rule(&self.rules, tuple)?;
+
+        let (translated_tuple, new_mapping) = P::translate(&matching_rule, tuple);
+
+        self.mappings.insert(*tuple, new_mapping);
+        self.reverse_mappings
+            .insert(translated_tuple.reverse(), *tuple);
+
+        // log::info!(
+        //     "Created new NAT mapping. Original: {:?}, Translated: {:?}",
+        //     tuple,
+        //     translated_tuple
+        // );
+
+        // 返回转换后的地址和端口信息，用于修改数据包
+        // 注意：这里需要区分是修改源地址还是目的地址，取决于调用者 (SNAT vs DNAT)
+        // SNAT返回新的src_ip/port, DNAT返回新的dst_ip/port.
+        // `translated_tuple` 包含了所有信息，我们返回对应的部分。
+        if translated_tuple.src_addr != tuple.src_addr {
+            Some((translated_tuple.src_addr, translated_tuple.src_port))
+        } else {
+            Some((translated_tuple.dst_addr, translated_tuple.dst_port))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 处理返回流量
+    pub fn process_return_traffic(&mut self, tuple: &FiveTuple) -> Option<(IpAddress, u16)> {
+        if let Some(original_key) = self.reverse_mappings.get(tuple) {
+            if let Some(mapping) = self.mappings.get_mut(original_key) {
+                mapping.update_last_seen(Instant::now());
+                return Some(P::get_translation_for_return_traffic(mapping));
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct SnatPolicy;
+
+impl NatPolicy for SnatPolicy {
+    type Rule = SnatRule;
+    type Mapping = SnatMapping;
+
+    fn find_matching_rule(rules: &[Self::Rule], tuple: &FiveTuple) -> Option<Self::Rule> {
+        rules
+            .iter()
+            .find(|rule| rule.source_cidr.contains_addr(&tuple.src_addr))
+            .cloned()
+    }
+
+    fn translate(rule: &Self::Rule, original_tuple: &FiveTuple) -> (FiveTuple, Self::Mapping) {
+        let translated_tuple = FiveTuple {
+            src_addr: rule.nat_ip,
+            src_port: original_tuple.src_port, // 简化端口处理
+            ..*original_tuple
+        };
+
+        let mapping = SnatMapping {
+            original: *original_tuple,
+            _translated: translated_tuple,
+            last_seen: Instant::now(),
+        };
+
+        (translated_tuple, mapping)
+    }
+
+    fn get_translation_for_return_traffic(mapping: &Self::Mapping) -> (IpAddress, u16) {
+        // 返回流量需要修改目的地址为原始客户端地址
+        (mapping.original.src_addr, mapping.original.src_port)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct DnatPolicy;
+
+impl NatPolicy for DnatPolicy {
+    type Rule = DnatRule;
+    type Mapping = DnatMapping;
+
+    fn find_matching_rule(rules: &[Self::Rule], tuple: &FiveTuple) -> Option<Self::Rule> {
+        rules
+            .iter()
+            .find(|rule| {
+                if tuple.dst_addr != rule.external_addr {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                match rule.external_port {
+                    Some(port) => tuple.dst_port == port,
+                    None => true,
+                }
+            })
+            .cloned()
+    }
+
+    fn translate(rule: &Self::Rule, original: &FiveTuple) -> (FiveTuple, Self::Mapping) {
+        let new_internal_port = match rule.internal_port {
+            Some(port) => port,
+            None => original.dst_port,
+        };
+
+        let translated_tuple = FiveTuple {
+            dst_addr: rule.internal_addr,
+            dst_port: new_internal_port,
+            ..*original
+        };
+
+        let mapping = DnatMapping {
+            from_client: *original,
+            _to_server: translated_tuple,
+            last_seen: Instant::now(),
+        };
+
+        (translated_tuple, mapping)
+    }
+
+    fn get_translation_for_return_traffic(mapping: &Self::Mapping) -> (IpAddress, u16) {
+        // 返回流量需要修改源地址为原始客户端地址
+        (mapping.from_client.dst_addr, mapping.from_client.dst_port)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ConnTracker {
+    pub(super) snat: SpinLock<NatTracker<SnatPolicy>>,
+    pub(super) dnat: SpinLock<NatTracker<DnatPolicy>>,
+}
+
+impl ConnTracker {
+    pub fn cleanup_expired(&self, now: Instant) {
+        self.snat.lock().cleanup_expired(now);
+        self.dnat.lock().cleanup_expired(now);
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_snat_rules(&self, rules: Vec<SnatRule>) {
+        self.snat.lock().update_rules(rules);
+    }
+
+    pub fn update_dnat_rules(&self, rules: Vec<DnatRule>) {
+        self.dnat.lock().update_rules(rules);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for ConnTracker {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            snat: SpinLock::new(NatTracker::<SnatPolicy>::default()),
+            dnat: SpinLock::new(NatTracker::<DnatPolicy>::default()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum NatPktStatus {
+    Untouched,
+    ReverseSnat(FiveTuple),
+    NewDnat(FiveTuple),
+}
+
+// SNAT 规则：匹配来自某个源地址段的流量，并将其转换为指定的公网IP
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SnatRule {
+    pub source_cidr: IpCidr,
+    pub nat_ip: IpAddress,
+}
+
+/// SNAT 映射：记录一个连接的原始元组和转换后的元组
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct SnatMapping {
+    pub original: FiveTuple,
+    pub _translated: FiveTuple,
+    pub last_seen: Instant,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DnatRule {
+    pub external_addr: IpAddress,
+    pub external_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub internal_addr: IpAddress,
+    pub internal_port: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct DnatMapping {
+    // The original tuple from the external client's perspective
+    pub from_client: FiveTuple,
+    // The tuple after DNAT, as seen by the internal server
+    pub _to_server: FiveTuple,
+    pub last_seen: Instant,
+}
+
+/// 五元组结构体，用于唯一标识一个网络连接
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct FiveTuple {
+    pub src_addr: IpAddress,
+    pub dst_addr: IpAddress,
+    pub src_port: u16,
+    pub dst_port: u16,
+    pub protocol: Protocol,
+}
+
+impl FiveTuple {
+    pub fn extract_from_ipv4_packet(packet: &Ipv4Packet<&[u8]>) -> Option<FiveTuple> {
+        let src_addr = packet.src_addr().into();
+        let dst_addr = packet.dst_addr().into();
+        let protocol = Protocol::from_bits_truncate(packet.next_header().into());
+
+        match protocol {
+            Protocol::Tcp => {
+                let tcp_packet = smoltcp::wire::TcpPacket::new_checked(packet.payload()).ok()?;
+                Some(FiveTuple {
+                    protocol,
+                    src_addr,
+                    src_port: tcp_packet.src_port(),
+                    dst_addr,
+                    dst_port: tcp_packet.dst_port(),
+                })
+            }
+            Protocol::Udp => {
+                let udp_packet = smoltcp::wire::UdpPacket::new_checked(packet.payload()).ok()?;
+                Some(FiveTuple {
+                    protocol,
+                    src_addr,
+                    src_port: udp_packet.src_port(),
+                    dst_addr,
+                    dst_port: udp_packet.dst_port(),
+                })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn reverse(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            src_addr: self.dst_addr,
+            dst_addr: self.src_addr,
+            src_port: self.dst_port,
+            dst_port: self.src_port,
+            protocol: self.protocol,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct Protocol: u8 {
+        const HopByHop  = 0x00;
+        const Icmp      = 0x01;
+        const Igmp      = 0x02;
+        const Tcp       = 0x06;
+        const Udp       = 0x11;
+        const Ipv6Route = 0x2b;
+        const Ipv6Frag  = 0x2c;
+        const IpSecEsp  = 0x32;
+        const IpSecAh   = 0x33;
+        const Icmpv6    = 0x3a;
+        const Ipv6NoNxt = 0x3b;
+        const Ipv6Opts  = 0x3c;
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/base.rs

@@ -138,11 +138,4 @@ pub trait Socket: PollableInode + IndexNode {
     fn write(&self, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         self.send(buffer, PMSG::empty())
     }
-
-    fn into_socket(this: Arc<Self>) -> Option<Arc<dyn Socket>>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        Some(this)
-    }
 }

kernel/src/net/socket/endpoint.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use crate::{
     mm::{verify_area, VirtAddr},
-    net::{posix::SockAddr, socket::unix::UnixEndpoint},
+    net::{
+        posix::SockAddr,
+        socket::{netlink::addr::NetlinkSocketAddr, unix::UnixEndpoint},
+    },
 };
 
 pub use smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint;
@@ -11,7 +14,10 @@ pub enum Endpoint {
     LinkLayer(LinkLayerEndpoint),
     /// 网络层端点
     Ip(IpEndpoint),
+    /// Unix域套接字端点
     Unix(UnixEndpoint),
+    /// Netlink端点
+    Netlink(NetlinkSocketAddr),
 }
 
 /// @brief 链路层端点

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/common/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::net::{Iface, NET_DEVICES};
+use crate::{net::Iface, process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace};
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 
 pub mod port;
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub enum Types {
 pub struct BoundInner {
     handle: smoltcp::iface::SocketHandle,
     iface: Arc<dyn Iface>,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     // inner: Vec<(smoltcp::iface::SocketHandle, Arc<dyn Iface>)>
     // address: smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
 }
@@ -35,30 +36,42 @@ impl BoundInner {
         socket: T,
         // socket_type: Types,
         address: &smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     ) -> Result<Self, SystemError>
     where
         T: smoltcp::socket::AnySocket<'static>,
     {
         if address.is_unspecified() {
+            let Some(iface) = netns.default_iface() else {
+                return Err(SystemError::ENODEV);
+            };
             // 强绑VirtualIO
-            let iface = NET_DEVICES
-                .read_irqsave()
-                .iter()
-                .find_map(|(_, v)| {
-                    if v.common().is_default_iface() {
-                        Some(v.clone())
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .expect("No default interface");
+            // let iface = NET_DEVICES
+            //     .read_irqsave()
+            //     .iter()
+            //     .find_map(|(_, v)| {
+            //         if v.common().is_default_iface() {
+            //             Some(v.clone())
+            //         } else {
+            //             None
+            //         }
+            //     })
+            //     .expect("No default interface");
 
             let handle = iface.sockets().lock().add(socket);
-            return Ok(Self { handle, iface });
+            return Ok(Self {
+                handle,
+                iface,
+                netns,
+            });
         } else {
-            let iface = get_iface_to_bind(address).ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+            let iface = get_iface_to_bind(address, netns.clone()).ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
             let handle = iface.sockets().lock().add(socket);
-            return Ok(Self { handle, iface });
+            return Ok(Self {
+                handle,
+                iface,
+                netns,
+            });
         }
     }
 
@@ -66,15 +79,23 @@ impl BoundInner {
         socket: T,
         // socket_type: Types,
         remote: smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     ) -> Result<(Self, smoltcp::wire::IpAddress), SystemError>
     where
         T: smoltcp::socket::AnySocket<'static>,
     {
-        let (iface, address) = get_ephemeral_iface(&remote);
+        let (iface, address) = get_ephemeral_iface(&remote, netns.clone());
         // let bound_port = iface.port_manager().bind_ephemeral_port(socket_type)?;
         let handle = iface.sockets().lock().add(socket);
         // let endpoint = smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint::new(local_addr, bound_port);
-        Ok((Self { handle, iface }, address))
+        Ok((
+            Self {
+                handle,
+                iface,
+                netns,
+            },
+            address,
+        ))
     }
 
     pub fn port_manager(&self) -> &PortManager {
@@ -99,14 +120,21 @@ impl BoundInner {
     pub fn release(&self) {
         self.iface.sockets().lock().remove(self.handle);
     }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        self.netns.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn get_iface_to_bind(ip_addr: &smoltcp::wire::IpAddress) -> Option<Arc<dyn Iface>> {
+pub fn get_iface_to_bind(
+    ip_addr: &smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+) -> Option<Arc<dyn Iface>> {
     // log::debug!("get_iface_to_bind: {:?}", ip_addr);
     // if ip_addr.is_unspecified()
-    crate::net::NET_DEVICES
-        .read_irqsave()
+    netns
+        .device_list()
         .iter()
         .find(|(_, iface)| {
             let guard = iface.smol_iface().lock();
@@ -121,11 +149,12 @@ pub fn get_iface_to_bind(ip_addr: &smoltcp::wire::IpAddress) -> Option<Arc<dyn I
 /// Otherwise, we will use a default interface.
 fn get_ephemeral_iface(
     remote_ip_addr: &smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
 ) -> (Arc<dyn Iface>, smoltcp::wire::IpAddress) {
-    get_iface_to_bind(remote_ip_addr)
+    get_iface_to_bind(remote_ip_addr, netns.clone())
         .map(|iface| (iface, *remote_ip_addr))
         .or({
-            let ifaces = NET_DEVICES.read_irqsave();
+            let ifaces = netns.device_list();
             ifaces.iter().find_map(|(_, iface)| {
                 iface
                     .smol_iface()
@@ -137,7 +166,7 @@ fn get_ephemeral_iface(
             })
         })
         .or({
-            NET_DEVICES.read_irqsave().values().next().map(|iface| {
+            netns.device_list().values().next().map(|iface| {
                 (
                     iface.clone(),
                     iface.smol_iface().lock().ip_addrs()[0].address(),

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/common/port.rs

@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ pub struct PortManager {
     udp_port_table: SpinLock<HashMap<u16, RawPid>>,
 }
 
-impl PortManager {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        return Self {
+impl Default for PortManager {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
             tcp_port_table: SpinLock::new(HashMap::new()),
             udp_port_table: SpinLock::new(HashMap::new()),
-        };
+        }
     }
+}
 
+impl PortManager {
     /// @brief 自动分配一个相对应协议中未被使用的PORT，如果动态端口均已被占用，返回错误码 EADDRINUSE
     pub fn get_ephemeral_port(&self, socket_type: Types) -> Result<u16, SystemError> {
         // TODO: selects non-conflict high port

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/datagram/inner.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+
 use smoltcp;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
     libs::spinlock::SpinLock,
     net::socket::inet::common::{BoundInner, Types as InetTypes},
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
 };
 
 pub type SmolUdpSocket = smoltcp::socket::udp::Socket<'static>;
@@ -32,8 +35,12 @@ impl UnboundUdp {
         return Self { socket };
     }
 
-    pub fn bind(self, local_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint) -> Result<BoundUdp, SystemError> {
-        let inner = BoundInner::bind(self.socket, &local_endpoint.addr)?;
+    pub fn bind(
+        self,
+        local_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundUdp, SystemError> {
+        let inner = BoundInner::bind(self.socket, &local_endpoint.addr, netns)?;
         let bind_addr = local_endpoint.addr;
         let bind_port = if local_endpoint.port == 0 {
             inner.port_manager().bind_ephemeral_port(InetTypes::Udp)?
@@ -66,9 +73,13 @@ impl UnboundUdp {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn bind_ephemeral(self, remote: smoltcp::wire::IpAddress) -> Result<BoundUdp, SystemError> {
+    pub fn bind_ephemeral(
+        self,
+        remote: smoltcp::wire::IpAddress,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundUdp, SystemError> {
         // let (addr, port) = (remote.addr, remote.port);
-        let (inner, address) = BoundInner::bind_ephemeral(self.socket, remote)?;
+        let (inner, address) = BoundInner::bind_ephemeral(self.socket, remote, netns)?;
         let bound_port = inner.port_manager().bind_ephemeral_port(InetTypes::Udp)?;
         let endpoint = smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint::new(address, bound_port);
         Ok(BoundUdp {
@@ -133,7 +144,7 @@ impl BoundUdp {
         let remote = to.or(*self.remote.lock()).ok_or(SystemError::ENOTCONN)?;
         let result = self.with_mut_socket(|socket| {
             if socket.can_send() && socket.send_slice(buf, remote).is_ok() {
-                log::debug!("send {} bytes", buf.len());
+                // log::debug!("send {} bytes", buf.len());
                 return Ok(buf.len());
             }
             return Err(SystemError::ENOBUFS);

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/datagram/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use crate::filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType;
 use crate::libs::wait_queue::WaitQueue;
 use crate::net::socket::common::EPollItems;
 use crate::net::socket::{Socket, PMSG};
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
+use crate::process::ProcessManager;
 use crate::{libs::rwlock::RwLock, net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint};
 use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use core::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
@@ -24,18 +26,21 @@ pub struct UdpSocket {
     nonblock: AtomicBool,
     wait_queue: WaitQueue,
     self_ref: Weak<UdpSocket>,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     epoll_items: EPollItems,
 }
 
 impl UdpSocket {
     pub fn new(nonblock: bool) -> Arc<Self> {
-        return Arc::new_cyclic(|me| Self {
+        let netns = ProcessManager::current_netns();
+        Arc::new_cyclic(|me| Self {
             inner: RwLock::new(Some(UdpInner::Unbound(UnboundUdp::new()))),
             nonblock: AtomicBool::new(nonblock),
             wait_queue: WaitQueue::default(),
             self_ref: me.clone(),
+            netns,
             epoll_items: EPollItems::default(),
-        });
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn is_nonblock(&self) -> bool {
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ impl UdpSocket {
     pub fn do_bind(&self, local_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         let mut inner = self.inner.write();
         if let Some(UdpInner::Unbound(unbound)) = inner.take() {
-            let bound = unbound.bind(local_endpoint)?;
+            let bound = unbound.bind(local_endpoint, self.netns())?;
 
             bound
                 .inner()
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ impl UdpSocket {
         let mut inner_guard = self.inner.write();
         let bound = match inner_guard.take().expect("Udp inner is None") {
             UdpInner::Bound(inner) => inner,
-            UdpInner::Unbound(inner) => inner.bind_ephemeral(remote)?,
+            UdpInner::Unbound(inner) => inner.bind_ephemeral(remote, self.netns())?,
         };
         inner_guard.replace(UdpInner::Bound(bound));
         return Ok(());
@@ -119,9 +124,8 @@ impl UdpSocket {
             let mut inner_guard = self.inner.write();
             let inner = match inner_guard.take().expect("Udp Inner is None") {
                 UdpInner::Bound(bound) => bound,
-                UdpInner::Unbound(unbound) => {
-                    unbound.bind_ephemeral(to.ok_or(SystemError::EADDRNOTAVAIL)?.addr)?
-                }
+                UdpInner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound
+                    .bind_ephemeral(to.ok_or(SystemError::EADDRNOTAVAIL)?.addr, self.netns())?,
             };
             // size = inner.try_send(buf, to)?;
             inner_guard.replace(UdpInner::Bound(inner));
@@ -137,6 +141,10 @@ impl UdpSocket {
         };
         return result;
     }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        self.netns.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Socket for UdpSocket {
@@ -238,7 +246,7 @@ impl Socket for UdpSocket {
                 match self.try_recv(buffer) {
                     Err(SystemError::EAGAIN_OR_EWOULDBLOCK) => {
                         wq_wait_event_interruptible!(self.wait_queue, self.can_recv(), {})?;
-                        log::debug!("UdpSocket::recv_from: wake up");
+                        // log::debug!("UdpSocket::recv_from: wake up");
                     }
                     result => break result,
                 }

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/mod.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ pub trait InetSocket: Socket {
     fn on_iface_events(&self);
 
     fn notify(&self) {
+        // log::info!("InetSocket::notify");
         self.on_iface_events();
         let _ = EventPoll::wakeup_epoll(self.epoll_items().as_ref(), self.check_io_event());
     }

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/stream/inner.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 
 use crate::filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType;
 use crate::libs::rwlock::RwLock;
 use crate::net::socket::{self, inet::Types};
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use smoltcp;
@@ -57,10 +59,11 @@ impl Init {
     pub(super) fn bind(
         self,
         local_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     ) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
         match self {
             Init::Unbound((socket, _)) => {
-                let bound = socket::inet::BoundInner::bind(*socket, &local_endpoint.addr)?;
+                let bound = socket::inet::BoundInner::bind(*socket, &local_endpoint.addr, netns)?;
                 bound
                     .port_manager()
                     .bind_port(Types::Tcp, local_endpoint.port)?;
@@ -77,11 +80,12 @@ impl Init {
     pub(super) fn bind_to_ephemeral(
         self,
         remote_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     ) -> Result<(socket::inet::BoundInner, smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint), (Self, SystemError)> {
         match self {
             Init::Unbound((socket, ver)) => {
                 let (bound, address) =
-                    socket::inet::BoundInner::bind_ephemeral(*socket, remote_endpoint.addr)
+                    socket::inet::BoundInner::bind_ephemeral(*socket, remote_endpoint.addr, netns)
                         .map_err(|err| (Self::new(ver), err))?;
                 let bound_port = bound
                     .port_manager()
@@ -97,9 +101,10 @@ impl Init {
     pub(super) fn connect(
         self,
         remote_endpoint: smoltcp::wire::IpEndpoint,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     ) -> Result<Connecting, (Self, SystemError)> {
         let (inner, local) = match self {
-            Init::Unbound(_) => self.bind_to_ephemeral(remote_endpoint)?,
+            Init::Unbound(_) => self.bind_to_ephemeral(remote_endpoint, netns)?,
             Init::Bound(inner) => inner,
         };
         if local.addr.is_unspecified() {
@@ -146,6 +151,7 @@ impl Init {
                         .unwrap_or(&smoltcp::wire::IpAddress::from(
                             smoltcp::wire::Ipv4Address::UNSPECIFIED,
                         )),
+                    inner.netns(),
                 )?;
                 inners.push(new_listen);
             }
@@ -321,6 +327,7 @@ impl Listening {
                 .unwrap_or(&smoltcp::wire::IpAddress::from(
                     smoltcp::wire::Ipv4Address::UNSPECIFIED,
                 )),
+            connected.netns(),
         )?;
 
         // swap the connected socket with the new_listen socket
@@ -331,6 +338,7 @@ impl Listening {
     }
 
     pub fn update_io_events(&self, pollee: &AtomicUsize) {
+        // log::info!("Listening::update_io_events");
         let position = self.inners.iter().position(|inner| {
             inner.with::<smoltcp::socket::tcp::Socket, _, _>(|socket| socket.is_active())
         });

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/stream/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use crate::libs::rwlock::RwLock;
 use crate::libs::wait_queue::WaitQueue;
 use crate::net::socket::common::EPollItems;
 use crate::net::socket::{common::ShutdownBit, endpoint::Endpoint, Socket, PMSG, PSOL};
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
+use crate::process::ProcessManager;
 use crate::sched::SchedMode;
 use smoltcp;
 
@@ -27,11 +29,13 @@ pub struct TcpSocket {
     wait_queue: WaitQueue,
     self_ref: Weak<Self>,
     pollee: AtomicUsize,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
     epoll_items: EPollItems,
 }
 
 impl TcpSocket {
     pub fn new(nonblock: bool, ver: smoltcp::wire::IpVersion) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let netns = ProcessManager::current_netns();
         Arc::new_cyclic(|me| Self {
             inner: RwLock::new(Some(inner::Inner::Init(inner::Init::new(ver)))),
             // shutdown: Shutdown::new(),
@@ -39,11 +43,16 @@ impl TcpSocket {
             wait_queue: WaitQueue::default(),
             self_ref: me.clone(),
             pollee: AtomicUsize::new(0_usize),
+            netns,
             epoll_items: EPollItems::default(),
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn new_established(inner: inner::Established, nonblock: bool) -> Arc<Self> {
+    pub fn new_established(
+        inner: inner::Established,
+        nonblock: bool,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Arc<Self> {
         Arc::new_cyclic(|me| Self {
             inner: RwLock::new(Some(inner::Inner::Established(inner))),
             // shutdown: Shutdown::new(),
@@ -51,6 +60,7 @@ impl TcpSocket {
             wait_queue: WaitQueue::default(),
             self_ref: me.clone(),
             pollee: AtomicUsize::new((EP::EPOLLIN.bits() | EP::EPOLLOUT.bits()) as usize),
+            netns,
             epoll_items: EPollItems::default(),
         })
     }
@@ -63,7 +73,7 @@ impl TcpSocket {
         let mut writer = self.inner.write();
         match writer.take().expect("Tcp inner::Inner is None") {
             inner::Inner::Init(inner) => {
-                let bound = inner.bind(local_endpoint)?;
+                let bound = inner.bind(local_endpoint, self.netns())?;
                 if let inner::Init::Bound((ref bound, _)) = bound {
                     bound
                         .iface()
@@ -112,7 +122,7 @@ impl TcpSocket {
         {
             inner::Inner::Listening(listening) => listening.accept().map(|(stream, remote)| {
                 (
-                    TcpSocket::new_established(stream, self.is_nonblock()),
+                    TcpSocket::new_established(stream, self.is_nonblock(), self.netns()),
                     remote,
                 )
             }),
@@ -129,7 +139,7 @@ impl TcpSocket {
         let inner = writer.take().expect("Tcp inner::Inner is None");
         let (init, result) = match inner {
             inner::Inner::Init(init) => {
-                let conn_result = init.connect(remote_endpoint);
+                let conn_result = init.connect(remote_endpoint, self.netns());
                 match conn_result {
                     Ok(connecting) => (
                         inner::Inner::Connecting(connecting),
@@ -179,6 +189,7 @@ impl TcpSocket {
         writer.replace(inner);
         drop(writer);
 
+        // log::info!("TcpSocket::finish_connect: {:?}", result);
         result
     }
 
@@ -267,6 +278,10 @@ impl TcpSocket {
     pub fn can_recv(&self) -> bool {
         self.check_io_event().contains(EP::EPOLLIN)
     }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        self.netns.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Socket for TcpSocket {

kernel/src/net/socket/inet/syscall.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub fn create_inet_socket(
         },
         PSOCK::Stream => match protocol {
             IpProtocol::HopByHop | IpProtocol::Tcp => {
-                log::debug!("create tcp socket");
+                // log::debug!("create tcp socket");
                 return Ok(TcpSocket::new(is_nonblock, version));
             }
             _ => {

kernel/src/net/socket/inode.rs

@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ impl<T: Socket + 'static> IndexNode for T {
         log::warn!("Socket not support ioctl");
         return Ok(0);
     }
+
+    fn as_socket(&self) -> Option<&dyn Socket> {
+        Some(self)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: Socket + 'static> PollableInode for T {

kernel/src/net/socket/mod.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub mod endpoint;
 mod family;
 pub mod inet;
 mod inode;
+pub mod netlink;
 mod posix;
 pub mod unix;
 mod utils;

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/addr/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use crate::net::socket::{endpoint::Endpoint, netlink::addr::multicast::GroupIdSet};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub mod multicast;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct NetlinkSocketAddr {
+    port: u32,
+    groups: GroupIdSet,
+}
+
+impl NetlinkSocketAddr {
+    pub fn new(port_num: u32, groups: GroupIdSet) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            port: port_num,
+            groups,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_unspecified() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            port: 0,
+            groups: GroupIdSet::new_empty(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn port(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.port
+    }
+
+    pub fn groups(&self) -> GroupIdSet {
+        self.groups
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.groups.add_groups(groups);
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Endpoint> for NetlinkSocketAddr {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: Endpoint) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            Endpoint::Netlink(addr) => Ok(addr),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EAFNOSUPPORT),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<NetlinkSocketAddr> for Endpoint {
+    fn from(value: NetlinkSocketAddr) -> Self {
+        Endpoint::Netlink(value)
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/addr/multicast.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct GroupIdSet(u32);
+
+impl GroupIdSet {
+    pub const fn new_empty() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
+    }
+
+    pub const fn new(groups: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(groups)
+    }
+
+    pub const fn ids_iter(&self) -> GroupIdIter {
+        GroupIdIter::new(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.0 |= groups.0;
+    }
+
+    pub fn drop_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.0 &= !groups.0;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_groups(&mut self, new_groups: u32) {
+        self.0 = new_groups;
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.0 = 0;
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0 == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_u32(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct GroupIdIter {
+    groups: u32,
+}
+
+impl GroupIdIter {
+    const fn new(groups: &GroupIdSet) -> Self {
+        Self { groups: groups.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for GroupIdIter {
+    type Item = u32;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.groups > 0 {
+            let group_id = self.groups.trailing_zeros();
+            self.groups &= self.groups - 1;
+            return Some(group_id);
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/common/bound.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use crate::{
+    filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType,
+    net::socket::netlink::{
+        addr::{multicast::GroupIdSet, NetlinkSocketAddr},
+        receiver::MessageQueue,
+        table::BoundHandle,
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
+};
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BoundNetlink<Message: 'static + Debug> {
+    pub(in crate::net::socket::netlink) handle: BoundHandle<Message>,
+    pub(in crate::net::socket::netlink) remote_addr: NetlinkSocketAddr,
+    pub(in crate::net::socket::netlink) receive_queue: MessageQueue<Message>,
+    pub(in crate::net::socket::netlink) netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+}
+
+impl<Message: 'static + Debug> BoundNetlink<Message> {
+    pub(super) fn new(
+        handle: BoundHandle<Message>,
+        message_queue: MessageQueue<Message>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            handle,
+            remote_addr: NetlinkSocketAddr::new_unspecified(),
+            receive_queue: message_queue,
+            netns,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind_common(&mut self, endpoint: &NetlinkSocketAddr) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        if endpoint.port() != self.handle.port() {
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        }
+        let groups = endpoint.groups();
+        self.handle.bind_groups(groups);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_io_events_common(&self) -> EPollEventType {
+        let mut events = EPollEventType::EPOLLOUT;
+
+        let receive_queue = self.receive_queue.0.lock();
+        if !receive_queue.is_empty() {
+            events |= EPollEventType::EPOLLIN;
+        }
+
+        events
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.handle.add_groups(groups);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn drop_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.handle.drop_groups(groups);
+    }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        self.netns.clone()
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/common/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+use crate::{
+    filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType,
+    libs::{rwlock::RwLock, wait_queue::WaitQueue},
+    net::socket::{
+        endpoint::Endpoint,
+        netlink::{
+            addr::{multicast::GroupIdSet, NetlinkSocketAddr},
+            common::{bound::BoundNetlink, unbound::UnboundNetlink},
+            table::SupportedNetlinkProtocol,
+        },
+        utils::datagram_common::{select_remote_and_bind, Bound, Inner},
+        Socket, PMSG,
+    },
+    process::{namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace, ProcessManager},
+};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub(super) mod bound;
+mod unbound;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NetlinkSocket<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> {
+    inner: RwLock<Inner<UnboundNetlink<P>, BoundNetlink<P::Message>>>,
+
+    is_nonblocking: AtomicBool,
+    wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+}
+
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> NetlinkSocket<P>
+where
+    BoundNetlink<P::Message>: Bound<Endpoint = NetlinkSocketAddr>,
+{
+    pub fn new(is_nonblocking: bool) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let unbound = UnboundNetlink::new();
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            inner: RwLock::new(Inner::Unbound(unbound)),
+            is_nonblocking: AtomicBool::new(is_nonblocking),
+            wait_queue: Arc::new(WaitQueue::default()),
+            netns: ProcessManager::current_netns(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn try_send(
+        &self,
+        buf: &[u8],
+        to: Option<NetlinkSocketAddr>,
+        flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let send_bytes = select_remote_and_bind(
+            &self.inner,
+            to,
+            || {
+                self.inner.write().bind_ephemeral(
+                    &NetlinkSocketAddr::new_unspecified(),
+                    self.wait_queue.clone(),
+                    self.netns(),
+                )
+            },
+            |bound, remote| bound.try_send(buf, &remote, flags),
+        )?;
+        // todo pollee invalidate??
+
+        Ok(send_bytes)
+    }
+
+    fn try_recv(
+        &self,
+        buf: &mut [u8],
+        flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, Endpoint), SystemError> {
+        let (recv_bytes, endpoint) = self
+            .inner
+            .read()
+            .try_recv(buf, flags)
+            .map(|(recv_bytes, remote_endpoint)| (recv_bytes, remote_endpoint.into()))?;
+        // todo self.pollee.invalidate();
+
+        Ok((recv_bytes, endpoint))
+    }
+
+    /// 判断当前的netlink是否可以接收数据
+    /// 目前netlink只是负责接收内核消息，所以暂时不用判断是否可以发送数据
+    pub fn can_recv(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner
+            .read()
+            .check_io_events()
+            .contains(EPollEventType::EPOLLIN)
+    }
+
+    pub fn do_poll(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.read().check_io_events().bits() as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn netns(&self) -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        self.netns.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol + 'static> Socket for NetlinkSocket<P>
+where
+    BoundNetlink<P::Message>: Bound<Endpoint = NetlinkSocketAddr>,
+{
+    fn connect(
+        &self,
+        endpoint: crate::net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint,
+    ) -> Result<(), system_error::SystemError> {
+        let endpoint = endpoint.try_into()?;
+
+        self.inner
+            .write()
+            .connect(&endpoint, self.wait_queue.clone(), self.netns())
+    }
+
+    fn bind(
+        &self,
+        endpoint: crate::net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint,
+    ) -> Result<(), system_error::SystemError> {
+        let endpoint = endpoint.try_into()?;
+
+        self.inner
+            .write()
+            .bind(&endpoint, self.wait_queue.clone(), self.netns())
+    }
+
+    fn send_to(
+        &self,
+        buffer: &[u8],
+        flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+        address: crate::net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint,
+    ) -> Result<usize, system_error::SystemError> {
+        let endpoint = address.try_into()?;
+
+        self.try_send(buffer, Some(endpoint), flags)
+    }
+
+    fn wait_queue(&self) -> &WaitQueue {
+        &self.wait_queue
+    }
+
+    fn recv_from(
+        &self,
+        buffer: &mut [u8],
+        flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+        address: Option<crate::net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint>,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, crate::net::socket::endpoint::Endpoint), system_error::SystemError> {
+        // log::info!("NetlinkSocket recv_from called");
+        use crate::sched::SchedMode;
+
+        if let Some(addr) = address {
+            self.connect(addr)?;
+        }
+
+        return if self.is_nonblocking() || flags.contains(PMSG::DONTWAIT) {
+            self.try_recv(buffer, flags)
+        } else {
+            loop {
+                match self.try_recv(buffer, flags) {
+                    Err(SystemError::EAGAIN_OR_EWOULDBLOCK) => {
+                        let _ = wq_wait_event_interruptible!(self.wait_queue, self.can_recv(), {});
+                    }
+                    result => break result,
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        // self.try_recv(buffer, flags)
+    }
+
+    fn check_io_event(&self) -> crate::filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType {
+        EPollEventType::from_bits_truncate(self.do_poll() as u32)
+    }
+
+    fn send_buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
+        // log::warn!("send_buffer_size is implemented to 0");
+        // netlink sockets typically do not have a send buffer size like stream sockets.
+        0
+    }
+
+    fn recv_buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
+        // log::warn!("recv_buffer_size is implemented to 0");
+        // netlink sockets typically do not have a recv buffer size like stream sockets.
+        0
+    }
+
+    fn recv(&self, buffer: &mut [u8], flags: PMSG) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let (len, _) = self.recv_from(buffer, flags, None)?;
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+
+    fn recv_msg(
+        &self,
+        _msg: &mut crate::net::posix::MsgHdr,
+        _flags: PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("implement recv_msg for netlink socket");
+    }
+
+    fn send(&self, buffer: &[u8], flags: PMSG) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        self.try_send(buffer, None, flags)
+    }
+
+    fn send_msg(
+        &self,
+        _msg: &crate::net::posix::MsgHdr,
+        _flags: PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("implement send_msg for netlink socket");
+    }
+
+    fn do_close(&self) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        //TODO close the socket properly
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn epoll_items(&self) -> &crate::net::socket::common::EPollItems {
+        todo!("implement epoll_items for netlink socket");
+    }
+
+    fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Result<Endpoint, SystemError> {
+        if let Some(addr) = self.inner.read().addr() {
+            Ok(addr.into())
+        } else {
+            Err(SystemError::ENOTCONN)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn remote_endpoint(&self) -> Result<Endpoint, SystemError> {
+        if let Some(addr) = self.inner.read().peer_addr() {
+            Ok(addr.into())
+        } else {
+            Err(SystemError::ENOTCONN)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> NetlinkSocket<P> {
+    pub fn is_nonblocking(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_nonblocking
+            .load(core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) {
+        self.is_nonblocking
+            .store(nonblocking, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+// 多播消息的时候会用到，比如uevent
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> Inner<UnboundNetlink<P>, BoundNetlink<P::Message>> {
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => bound.add_groups(groups),
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound.add_groups(groups),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    fn drop_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound.drop_groups(groups),
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => bound.drop_groups(groups),
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/common/unbound.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use crate::{
+    filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType,
+    libs::wait_queue::WaitQueue,
+    net::socket::{
+        netlink::{
+            addr::{multicast::GroupIdSet, NetlinkSocketAddr},
+            common::bound::BoundNetlink,
+            receiver::{MessageQueue, MessageReceiver},
+            table::SupportedNetlinkProtocol,
+        },
+        utils::datagram_common,
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
+};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UnboundNetlink<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> {
+    groups: GroupIdSet,
+    phantom: PhantomData<BoundNetlink<P::Message>>,
+}
+
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> UnboundNetlink<P> {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            groups: GroupIdSet::new_empty(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn addr(&self) -> NetlinkSocketAddr {
+        NetlinkSocketAddr::new(0, self.groups)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.groups.add_groups(groups);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn drop_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        self.groups.drop_groups(groups);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: SupportedNetlinkProtocol> datagram_common::Unbound for UnboundNetlink<P> {
+    type Endpoint = NetlinkSocketAddr;
+    type Bound = BoundNetlink<P::Message>;
+
+    fn bind(
+        &mut self,
+        endpoint: &Self::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundNetlink<P::Message>, SystemError> {
+        let message_queue = MessageQueue::<P::Message>::new();
+        let bound_handle = {
+            let endpoint = {
+                let mut endpoint = *endpoint;
+                endpoint.add_groups(self.groups);
+                endpoint
+            };
+            let receiver = MessageReceiver::new(message_queue.clone(), wait_queue);
+            <P as SupportedNetlinkProtocol>::bind(&endpoint, receiver, netns.clone())?
+        };
+
+        Ok(BoundNetlink::new(bound_handle, message_queue, netns))
+    }
+
+    fn bind_ephemeral(
+        &mut self,
+        _remote_endpoint: &Self::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundNetlink<P::Message>, SystemError> {
+        let message_queue = MessageQueue::<P::Message>::new();
+
+        let bound_handle = {
+            let endpoint = {
+                let mut endpoint = NetlinkSocketAddr::new_unspecified();
+                endpoint.add_groups(self.groups);
+                endpoint
+            };
+            let receiver = MessageReceiver::new(message_queue.clone(), wait_queue);
+            <P as SupportedNetlinkProtocol>::bind(&endpoint, receiver, netns.clone())?
+        };
+
+        Ok(BoundNetlink::new(bound_handle, message_queue, netns))
+    }
+
+    fn check_io_events(&self) -> EPollEventType {
+        EPollEventType::EPOLLOUT
+    }
+
+    fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Option<Self::Endpoint> {
+        Some(self.addr())
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/attr/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+pub(super) mod noattr;
+
+use crate::{libs::align::align_up, net::socket::netlink::message::NLMSG_ALIGN};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+const IS_NESTED_MASK: u16 = 1u16 << 15;
+const IS_NET_BYTEORDER_MASK: u16 = 1u16 << 14;
+const ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_MASK: u16 = !(IS_NESTED_MASK | IS_NET_BYTEORDER_MASK);
+
+/// Netlink Attribute Header
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CAttrHeader {
+    len: u16,
+    type_: u16,
+}
+
+impl CAttrHeader {
+    fn from_payload_len(type_: u16, payload_len: usize) -> Self {
+        let total_len = payload_len + size_of::<Self>();
+        // debug_assert!(total_len <= u16::MAX as usize);
+
+        Self {
+            len: total_len as u16,
+            type_,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.type_ & ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_MASK
+    }
+
+    pub fn payload_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len as usize - size_of::<Self>()
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_len_with_padding(&self) -> usize {
+        align_up(self.len as usize, NLMSG_ALIGN)
+    }
+
+    pub fn padding_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.total_len_with_padding() - self.total_len()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Netlink Attribute
+pub trait Attribute: core::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
+    fn type_(&self) -> u16;
+
+    fn payload_as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8];
+
+    fn total_len_with_padding(&self) -> usize {
+        const DUMMY_TYPE: u16 = 0;
+
+        CAttrHeader::from_payload_len(DUMMY_TYPE, self.payload_as_bytes().len())
+            .total_len_with_padding()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_buf(header: &CAttrHeader, payload_buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Self>, SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    fn write_to_buf(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let type_: u16 = self.type_();
+        let payload_bytes = self.payload_as_bytes();
+        let header = CAttrHeader::from_payload_len(type_, payload_bytes.len());
+        let total_len = header.total_len_with_padding();
+
+        // let mut current_offset = offset;
+
+        // 写入头部
+        let header_bytes = unsafe {
+            core::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                &header as *const CAttrHeader as *const u8,
+                size_of::<CAttrHeader>(),
+            )
+        };
+        // buf[current_offset..current_offset + header_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(header_bytes);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(header_bytes);
+        // current_offset += header_bytes.len();
+
+        // 写入负载
+        // buf[current_offset..current_offset + payload_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(payload_bytes);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(payload_bytes);
+        // current_offset += payload_bytes.len();
+
+        // 添加对齐填充
+        let padding_len = header.padding_len();
+        if padding_len > 0 {
+            // buf[current_offset..current_offset + padding_len].fill(0);
+            buf.extend(vec![0u8; padding_len]);
+        }
+
+        Ok(total_len)
+    }
+
+    fn read_all_from_buf(buf: &[u8], mut total_len: usize) -> Result<Vec<Self>, SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let mut attrs = Vec::new();
+        let mut offset = 0;
+
+        while total_len > 0 {
+            if total_len < size_of::<CAttrHeader>() {
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            // 检查是否有足够的字节读取属性头部
+            if buf.len() - offset < size_of::<CAttrHeader>() {
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            // 读取属性头部
+            let attr_header_bytes = &buf[offset..offset + size_of::<CAttrHeader>()];
+            let attr_header = unsafe { *(attr_header_bytes.as_ptr() as *const CAttrHeader) };
+
+            // 验证属性长度
+            if attr_header.total_len() < size_of::<CAttrHeader>() {
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            total_len = total_len
+                .checked_sub(attr_header.total_len())
+                .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+
+            if buf.len() - offset < attr_header.total_len() {
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            // 读取属性负载
+            let payload_start = offset + size_of::<CAttrHeader>();
+            let payload_len = attr_header.payload_len();
+            let payload_buf = &buf[payload_start..payload_start + payload_len];
+
+            // 解析属性
+            if let Some(attr) = Self::read_from_buf(&attr_header, payload_buf)? {
+                attrs.push(attr);
+            }
+
+            // 移动到下一个属性（考虑对齐）
+            let attr_total_with_padding = attr_header.total_len_with_padding();
+            offset += attr_total_with_padding;
+
+            let padding_len = total_len.min(attr_header.padding_len());
+            total_len -= padding_len;
+        }
+
+        Ok(attrs)
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/attr/noattr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::Attribute;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum NoAttr {}
+
+impl Attribute for NoAttr {
+    fn type_(&self) -> u16 {
+        match *self {}
+    }
+
+    fn payload_as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        match *self {}
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_buf(
+        header: &super::CAttrHeader,
+        _payload_buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, system_error::SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let _payload_len = header.payload_len();
+        //todo  reader.skip_some(payload_len);
+
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    fn read_all_from_buf(
+        _buf: &[u8],
+        _offset: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<Self>, system_error::SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        Ok(Vec::new())
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{
+    message::segment::header::CMsgSegHdr, table::StandardNetlinkProtocol,
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub(super) mod attr;
+pub(super) mod segment;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Message<T: ProtocolSegment> {
+    segments: Vec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: ProtocolSegment> Message<T> {
+    pub fn new(segments: Vec<T>) -> Self {
+        Self { segments }
+    }
+
+    pub fn segments(&self) -> &[T] {
+        &self.segments
+    }
+
+    pub fn segments_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
+        &mut self.segments
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_from(reader: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
+        let segments = {
+            let segment = T::read_from(reader)?;
+            vec![segment]
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self { segments })
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_to(&self, writer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        // log::info!("Message write_to");
+        let mut total_written: usize = 0;
+
+        for segment in self.segments() {
+            if total_written >= writer.len() {
+                log::warn!("Netlink write buffer is full. Some segments may be dropped.");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            let remaining_buf = &mut writer[total_written..];
+            let written = segment.write_to(remaining_buf)?;
+
+            total_written += written;
+        }
+
+        // log::info!("Total written bytes: {}", total_written);
+        Ok(total_written)
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.segments
+            .iter()
+            .map(|segment| segment.header().len as usize)
+            .sum()
+    }
+
+    pub fn protocol(&self) -> StandardNetlinkProtocol {
+        self.segments
+            .first()
+            .map_or(StandardNetlinkProtocol::UNUSED, |segment| {
+                segment.protocol()
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait ProtocolSegment: Sized + alloc::fmt::Debug {
+    fn header(&self) -> &CMsgSegHdr;
+    fn header_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CMsgSegHdr;
+    fn read_from(reader: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, SystemError>;
+    fn write_to(&self, writer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError>;
+    fn protocol(&self) -> StandardNetlinkProtocol;
+}
+
+pub(super) const NLMSG_ALIGN: usize = 4;

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/segment/ack.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::{
+    attr::noattr::NoAttr,
+    segment::{
+        common::SegmentCommon,
+        header::{CMsgSegHdr, SegHdrCommonFlags},
+        CSegmentType, SegmentBody,
+    },
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub type DoneSegment = SegmentCommon<DoneSegmentBody, NoAttr>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct DoneSegmentBody {
+    error_code: i32,
+}
+
+impl SegmentBody for DoneSegmentBody {
+    type CType = DoneSegmentBody;
+}
+
+impl DoneSegment {
+    pub fn new_from_request(request_header: &CMsgSegHdr, error: Option<SystemError>) -> Self {
+        let header = CMsgSegHdr {
+            len: 0,
+            type_: CSegmentType::DONE as _,
+            flags: SegHdrCommonFlags::empty().bits(),
+            seq: request_header.seq,
+            pid: request_header.pid,
+        };
+
+        let body = {
+            let error_code = if let Some(err) = error {
+                err.to_posix_errno()
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+            DoneSegmentBody { error_code }
+        };
+
+        Self::new(header, body, Vec::new())
+    }
+}
+
+pub type ErrorSegment = SegmentCommon<ErrorSegmentBody, NoAttr>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct ErrorSegmentBody {
+    error_code: i32,
+    request_header: CMsgSegHdr,
+}
+
+impl SegmentBody for ErrorSegmentBody {
+    type CType = ErrorSegmentBody;
+}
+
+impl ErrorSegment {
+    pub fn new_from_request(request_header: &CMsgSegHdr, error: Option<SystemError>) -> Self {
+        let header = CMsgSegHdr {
+            len: 0,
+            type_: CSegmentType::ERROR as _,
+            flags: SegHdrCommonFlags::empty().bits(),
+            seq: request_header.seq,
+            pid: request_header.pid,
+        };
+
+        let body = {
+            let error_code = if let Some(err) = error {
+                err.to_posix_errno()
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+            ErrorSegmentBody {
+                error_code,
+                request_header: *request_header,
+            }
+        };
+
+        Self::new(header, body, Vec::new())
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/segment/common.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::{
+    attr::Attribute,
+    segment::{header::CMsgSegHdr, SegmentBody},
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SegmentCommon<Body, Attr> {
+    header: CMsgSegHdr,
+    body: Body,
+    attrs: Vec<Attr>,
+}
+
+impl<Body, Attr> SegmentCommon<Body, Attr> {
+    pub const HEADER_LEN: usize = size_of::<CMsgSegHdr>();
+
+    pub fn header(&self) -> &CMsgSegHdr {
+        &self.header
+    }
+
+    pub fn header_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CMsgSegHdr {
+        &mut self.header
+    }
+
+    pub fn body(&self) -> &Body {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    pub fn attrs(&self) -> &Vec<Attr> {
+        &self.attrs
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Body: SegmentBody, Attr: Attribute> SegmentCommon<Body, Attr> {
+    pub const BODY_LEN: usize = size_of::<Body::CType>();
+
+    pub fn new(header: CMsgSegHdr, body: Body, attrs: Vec<Attr>) -> Self {
+        let mut res = Self {
+            header,
+            body,
+            attrs,
+        };
+        res.header.len = res.total_len() as u32;
+        res
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_from_buf(header: CMsgSegHdr, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
+        // log::info!("SegmentCommon try to read from buffer");
+        let (body, remain_len, padded_len) = Body::read_from_buf(&header, buf)?;
+
+        let attrs_buf = &buf[padded_len..];
+        let attrs = Attr::read_all_from_buf(attrs_buf, remain_len)?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            header,
+            body,
+            attrs,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_to_buf(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        if buf.len() < self.header.len as usize {
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        // Write header to the beginning of buf
+        let header_bytes = unsafe {
+            core::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                (&self.header as *const CMsgSegHdr) as *const u8,
+                Self::HEADER_LEN,
+            )
+        };
+        buf[..Self::HEADER_LEN].copy_from_slice(header_bytes);
+
+        // 这里创建一个内核缓冲区，用来写入body和attribute，方便进行写入
+        let mut kernel_buf: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+
+        self.body.write_to_buf(&mut kernel_buf)?;
+        for attr in self.attrs.iter() {
+            attr.write_to_buf(&mut kernel_buf)?;
+        }
+
+        let actual_len = kernel_buf.len().min(buf.len());
+        let payload_copied = if !kernel_buf.is_empty() {
+            buf[Self::HEADER_LEN..Self::HEADER_LEN + actual_len]
+                .copy_from_slice(&kernel_buf[..actual_len]);
+            // log::info!("buffer: {:?}", &buf[..actual_len]);
+            actual_len
+        } else {
+            // 如果没有数据需要写入，返回0
+            // log::info!("No data to write to buffer");
+            0
+        };
+
+        Ok(payload_copied + Self::HEADER_LEN)
+    }
+
+    pub fn total_len(&self) -> usize {
+        Self::HEADER_LEN + Self::BODY_LEN + self.attrs_len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Body, Attr: Attribute> SegmentCommon<Body, Attr> {
+    pub fn attrs_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.attrs
+            .iter()
+            .map(|attr| attr.total_len_with_padding())
+            .sum()
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/segment/header.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CMsgSegHdr {
+    /// Length of the message, including the header
+    pub len: u32,
+    /// Type of message content
+    pub type_: u16,
+    /// Additional flags
+    pub flags: u16,
+    /// Sequence number
+    pub seq: u32,
+    /// Sending process port ID
+    pub pid: u32,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct SegHdrCommonFlags: u16 {
+        /// Indicates a request message
+        const REQUEST = 0x01;
+        /// Multipart message, terminated by NLMSG_DONE
+        const MULTI = 0x02;
+        /// Reply with an acknowledgment, with zero or an error code
+        const ACK = 0x04;
+        /// Echo this request
+        const ECHO = 0x08;
+        /// Dump was inconsistent due to sequence change
+        const DUMP_INTR = 0x10;
+        /// Dump was filtered as requested
+        const DUMP_FILTERED = 0x20;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct GetRequestFlags: u16 {
+        /// Specify the tree root
+        const ROOT = 0x100;
+        /// Return all matching results
+        const MATCH = 0x200;
+        /// Atomic get request
+        const ATOMIC = 0x400;
+        /// Combination flag for root and match
+        const DUMP = Self::ROOT.bits | Self::MATCH.bits;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct NewRequestFlags: u16 {
+        /// Override existing entries
+        const REPLACE = 0x100;
+        /// Do not modify if it exists
+        const EXCL = 0x200;
+        /// Create if it does not exist
+        const CREATE = 0x400;
+        /// Add to the end of the list
+        const APPEND = 0x800;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct DeleteRequestFlags: u16 {
+        /// Do not delete recursively
+        const NONREC = 0x100;
+        /// Delete multiple objects
+        const BULK = 0x200;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct AckFlags: u16 {
+        const CAPPED = 0x100;
+        const ACK_TLVS = 0x100;
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/message/segment/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+use crate::libs::align::align_up;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::{segment::header::CMsgSegHdr, NLMSG_ALIGN};
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub mod ack;
+pub mod common;
+pub mod header;
+
+#[repr(u16)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum CSegmentType {
+    // Standard netlink message types
+    NOOP = 1,
+    ERROR = 2,
+    DONE = 3,
+    OVERRUN = 4,
+
+    // protocol-level types
+    NEWLINK = 16,
+    DELLINK = 17,
+    GETLINK = 18,
+    SETLINK = 19,
+
+    NEWADDR = 20,
+    DELADDR = 21,
+    GETADDR = 22,
+
+    NEWROUTE = 24,
+    DELROUTE = 25,
+    GETROUTE = 26,
+    // TODO 补充
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u16> for CSegmentType {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            1 => Ok(CSegmentType::NOOP),
+            2 => Ok(CSegmentType::ERROR),
+            3 => Ok(CSegmentType::DONE),
+            4 => Ok(CSegmentType::OVERRUN),
+            16 => Ok(CSegmentType::NEWLINK),
+            17 => Ok(CSegmentType::DELLINK),
+            18 => Ok(CSegmentType::GETLINK),
+            19 => Ok(CSegmentType::SETLINK),
+            20 => Ok(CSegmentType::NEWADDR),
+            21 => Ok(CSegmentType::DELADDR),
+            22 => Ok(CSegmentType::GETADDR),
+            24 => Ok(CSegmentType::NEWROUTE),
+            25 => Ok(CSegmentType::DELROUTE),
+            26 => Ok(CSegmentType::GETROUTE),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait SegmentBody: Sized + Clone + Copy {
+    type CType: Copy + TryInto<Self> + From<Self> + Debug;
+
+    fn read_from_buf(header: &CMsgSegHdr, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(Self, usize, usize), SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        // log::info!("header: {:?}", header);
+        let total_len = (header.len as usize)
+            .checked_sub(size_of::<CMsgSegHdr>())
+            .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+
+        if buf.len() < total_len {
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        let c_type_bytes = &buf[..size_of::<Self::CType>()];
+        let c_type = unsafe { *(c_type_bytes.as_ptr() as *const Self::CType) };
+        // log::info!("c_type: {:?}", c_type);
+
+        let total_len_with_padding = Self::total_len_with_padding();
+
+        let Ok(body) = c_type.try_into() else {
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        };
+
+        let remaining_len = total_len.saturating_sub(total_len_with_padding);
+
+        Ok((body, remaining_len, total_len_with_padding))
+    }
+
+    fn write_to_buf(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        // log::info!("SegmentBody write_to_buf");
+        let c_type = Self::CType::from(*self);
+
+        let body_bytes = unsafe {
+            core::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                &c_type as *const Self::CType as *const u8,
+                size_of::<Self::CType>(),
+            )
+        };
+        buf.extend_from_slice(body_bytes);
+
+        // let total_len_with_padding = Self::total_len_with_padding();
+        let padding_len = Self::padding_len();
+
+        if padding_len > 0 {
+            buf.extend(vec![0u8; padding_len]);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn total_len_with_padding() -> usize {
+        let payload_len = size_of::<Self::CType>();
+        align_up(payload_len, NLMSG_ALIGN)
+    }
+
+    fn padding_len() -> usize {
+        let payload_len = size_of::<Self::CType>();
+        Self::total_len_with_padding() - payload_len
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use crate::net::socket::{
+    netlink::{
+        route::NetlinkRouteSocket,
+        table::{is_valid_protocol, StandardNetlinkProtocol},
+    },
+    Socket, PSOCK,
+};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub mod addr;
+mod common;
+mod message;
+mod receiver;
+mod route;
+pub mod table;
+
+pub fn create_netlink_socket(
+    socket_type: PSOCK,
+    protocol: u32,
+    _is_nonblock: bool,
+) -> Result<Arc<dyn Socket>, SystemError> {
+    match socket_type {
+        super::PSOCK::Raw | super::PSOCK::Datagram => {
+            let nl_protocol = StandardNetlinkProtocol::try_from(protocol);
+            let inode = match nl_protocol {
+                Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::ROUTE) => NetlinkRouteSocket::new(false),
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    log::warn!(
+                        "standard netlink families {} is not supported yet",
+                        protocol
+                    );
+                    return Err(SystemError::EAFNOSUPPORT);
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    if is_valid_protocol(protocol) {
+                        log::error!("user-provided netlink family is not supported");
+                        return Err(SystemError::EPROTONOSUPPORT);
+                    }
+                    log::error!("invalid netlink protocol: {}", protocol);
+                    return Err(SystemError::EAFNOSUPPORT);
+                }
+            };
+
+            Ok(inode)
+        }
+        _ => {
+            log::warn!("unsupported socket type for Netlink");
+            Err(SystemError::EPROTONOSUPPORT)
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/receiver.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use crate::libs::spinlock::SpinLock;
+use crate::libs::wait_queue::WaitQueue;
+use crate::process::ProcessState;
+use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+/// Netlink Socket 的消息队列
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MessageQueue<Message>(pub Arc<SpinLock<VecDeque<Message>>>);
+
+impl<Message> Clone for MessageQueue<Message> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Message> MessageQueue<Message> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(SpinLock::new(VecDeque::new())))
+    }
+
+    fn enqueue(&self, message: Message) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        // FIXME: 确保消息队列不会超过最大长度
+        self.0.lock().push_back(message);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Netlink Socket 的消息接收器，记录在当前网络命名空间的 Netlink Socket 表中，负责将消息压入对应的消息队列，并唤醒等待的线程
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MessageReceiver<Message> {
+    message_queue: MessageQueue<Message>,
+    wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+}
+
+impl<Message> MessageReceiver<Message> {
+    pub fn new(message_queue: MessageQueue<Message>, wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message_queue,
+            wait_queue,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn enqueue_message(&self, message: Message) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        self.message_queue.enqueue(message)?;
+        // 唤醒等待队列中的线程
+        self.wait_queue.wakeup(Some(ProcessState::Blocked(true)));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/bound.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+use crate::{
+    filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType,
+    net::socket::{
+        netlink::{
+            addr::NetlinkSocketAddr,
+            common::bound::BoundNetlink,
+            message::ProtocolSegment,
+            route::{kern::NetlinkRouteKernelSocket, message::RouteNlMessage},
+        },
+        utils::datagram_common,
+        PMSG,
+    },
+};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+impl datagram_common::Bound for BoundNetlink<RouteNlMessage> {
+    type Endpoint = NetlinkSocketAddr;
+
+    fn bind(&mut self, endpoint: &Self::Endpoint) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        self.bind_common(endpoint)
+    }
+
+    fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Self::Endpoint {
+        self.handle.addr()
+    }
+
+    fn remote_endpoint(&self) -> Option<Self::Endpoint> {
+        Some(self.remote_addr)
+    }
+
+    fn set_remote_endpoint(&mut self, endpoint: &Self::Endpoint) {
+        self.remote_addr = *endpoint;
+    }
+
+    fn try_send(
+        &self,
+        buf: &[u8],
+        to: &Self::Endpoint,
+        _flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        if *to != NetlinkSocketAddr::new_unspecified() {
+            return Err(SystemError::ENOTCONN);
+        }
+
+        let sum_lens = buf.len();
+
+        let mut nlmsg = match RouteNlMessage::read_from(buf) {
+            Ok(msg) => msg,
+            Err(e) if e == SystemError::EFAULT => {
+                // 说明这个时候 buf 不是一个完整的 netlink 消息
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                // 传播错误，静默处理
+                log::warn!(
+                    "netlink_send: failed to read netlink message from buffer: {:?}",
+                    e
+                );
+                return Ok(sum_lens);
+            }
+        };
+
+        let local_port = self.handle.port();
+
+        for segment in nlmsg.segments_mut() {
+            let header = segment.header_mut();
+            if header.pid == 0 {
+                header.pid = local_port;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let Some(route_kernel) = self
+            .netns
+            .get_netlink_kernel_socket_by_protocol(nlmsg.protocol().into())
+        else {
+            log::warn!("No route kernel socket available in net namespace");
+            return Ok(sum_lens);
+        };
+
+        let route_kernel_socket = route_kernel
+            .as_any_ref()
+            .downcast_ref::<NetlinkRouteKernelSocket>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        route_kernel_socket.request(&nlmsg, local_port, self.netns());
+
+        Ok(sum_lens)
+    }
+
+    fn try_recv(
+        &self,
+        writer: &mut [u8],
+        flags: crate::net::socket::PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, Self::Endpoint), SystemError> {
+        let mut receive_queue = self.receive_queue.0.lock();
+
+        let Some(res) = receive_queue.front() else {
+            return Err(SystemError::EAGAIN_OR_EWOULDBLOCK);
+        };
+
+        let len = {
+            let max = writer.len();
+            res.total_len().min(max)
+        };
+
+        let _copied = res.write_to(writer)?;
+
+        if !flags.contains(PMSG::PEEK) {
+            receive_queue.pop_front();
+        }
+
+        // todo 目前这个信息只能来自内核
+        let remote = NetlinkSocketAddr::new_unspecified();
+
+        Ok((len, remote))
+    }
+
+    fn check_io_events(&self) -> EPollEventType {
+        self.check_io_events_common()
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/kern/addr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use crate::{
+    driver::net::Iface,
+    net::socket::{
+        netlink::{
+            message::segment::{
+                header::{CMsgSegHdr, GetRequestFlags, SegHdrCommonFlags},
+                CSegmentType,
+            },
+            route::{
+                kern::utils::finish_response,
+                message::{
+                    attr::addr::AddrAttr,
+                    segment::{
+                        addr::{AddrMessageFlags, AddrSegment, AddrSegmentBody, RtScope},
+                        RouteNlSegment,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        AddressFamily,
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
+};
+use alloc::ffi::CString;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::num::NonZeroU32;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub(super) fn do_get_addr(
+    request_segment: &AddrSegment,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+) -> Result<Vec<RouteNlSegment>, SystemError> {
+    let dump_all = {
+        let flags = GetRequestFlags::from_bits_truncate(request_segment.header().flags);
+        flags.contains(GetRequestFlags::DUMP)
+    };
+
+    if !dump_all {
+        log::error!("GetAddr request without DUMP flag is not supported yet");
+        return Err(SystemError::EOPNOTSUPP_OR_ENOTSUP);
+    }
+
+    let mut responce: Vec<RouteNlSegment> = netns
+        .device_list()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|(_, iface)| iface_to_new_addr(request_segment.header(), iface))
+        .map(RouteNlSegment::NewAddr)
+        .collect();
+
+    finish_response(request_segment.header(), dump_all, &mut responce);
+
+    Ok(responce)
+}
+
+fn iface_to_new_addr(request_header: &CMsgSegHdr, iface: &Arc<dyn Iface>) -> Option<AddrSegment> {
+    let ipv4_addr = iface.common().ipv4_addr()?;
+
+    let header = CMsgSegHdr {
+        len: 0,
+        type_: CSegmentType::NEWADDR as _,
+        flags: SegHdrCommonFlags::empty().bits(),
+        seq: request_header.seq,
+        pid: request_header.pid,
+    };
+
+    let addr_message = AddrSegmentBody {
+        family: AddressFamily::INet as _,
+        prefix_len: iface.common().prefix_len().unwrap(),
+        flags: AddrMessageFlags::PERMANENT,
+        scope: RtScope::HOST,
+        index: NonZeroU32::new(iface.nic_id() as u32),
+    };
+
+    let attrs = vec![
+        AddrAttr::Address(ipv4_addr.octets()),
+        AddrAttr::Label(CString::new(iface.iface_name()).unwrap()),
+        AddrAttr::Local(ipv4_addr.octets()),
+    ];
+
+    Some(AddrSegment::new(header, addr_message, attrs))
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/kern/link.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use crate::{
+    driver::net::{types::InterfaceType, Iface},
+    net::socket::{
+        netlink::{
+            message::segment::{
+                header::{CMsgSegHdr, GetRequestFlags, SegHdrCommonFlags},
+                CSegmentType,
+            },
+            route::{
+                kern::utils::finish_response,
+                message::{
+                    attr::link::LinkAttr,
+                    segment::{
+                        link::{LinkMessageFlags, LinkSegment, LinkSegmentBody},
+                        RouteNlSegment,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        AddressFamily,
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
+};
+use alloc::ffi::CString;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::num::NonZero;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub(super) fn do_get_link(
+    request_segment: &LinkSegment,
+    netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+) -> Result<Vec<RouteNlSegment>, SystemError> {
+    let filter_by = FilterBy::from_requset(request_segment)?;
+
+    let mut responce: Vec<RouteNlSegment> = netns
+        .device_list()
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(_, iface)| match &filter_by {
+            FilterBy::Index(index) => *index == iface.nic_id() as u32,
+            FilterBy::Name(name) => *name == iface.name(),
+            FilterBy::Dump => true,
+        })
+        .map(|(_, iface)| iface_to_new_link(request_segment.header(), iface))
+        .map(RouteNlSegment::NewLink)
+        .collect();
+
+    let dump_all = matches!(filter_by, FilterBy::Dump);
+
+    if !dump_all && responce.is_empty() {
+        log::error!("no such device");
+        return Err(SystemError::ENODEV);
+    }
+
+    finish_response(request_segment.header(), dump_all, &mut responce);
+
+    Ok(responce)
+}
+
+enum FilterBy<'a> {
+    Index(u32),
+    Name(&'a str),
+    Dump,
+}
+
+impl<'a> FilterBy<'a> {
+    fn from_requset(request_segment: &'a LinkSegment) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
+        let dump_all = {
+            let flags = GetRequestFlags::from_bits_truncate(request_segment.header().flags);
+            flags.contains(GetRequestFlags::DUMP)
+        };
+        if dump_all {
+            validate_dumplink_request(request_segment.body())?;
+            return Ok(Self::Dump);
+        }
+
+        validate_getlink_request(request_segment.body())?;
+
+        if let Some(required_index) = request_segment.body().index {
+            return Ok(Self::Index(required_index.get()));
+        }
+
+        let required_name = request_segment.attrs().iter().find_map(|attr| {
+            if let LinkAttr::Name(name) = attr {
+                Some(name.to_str().ok()?)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        });
+
+        if let Some(name) = required_name {
+            return Ok(Self::Name(name));
+        }
+
+        log::error!("either interface name or index should be specified for non-dump mode");
+        Err(SystemError::EINVAL)
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_getlink_request(body: &LinkSegmentBody) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    if !body.flags.is_empty()
+        || body.type_ != InterfaceType::NETROM
+        || body.pad.is_some()
+        || !body.change.is_empty()
+    {
+        log::error!("the flags or the type is not valid");
+        return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_dumplink_request(body: &LinkSegmentBody) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    // <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/net/core/rtnetlink.c#L2378>.
+    if !body.flags.is_empty()
+        || body.type_ != InterfaceType::NETROM
+        || body.pad.is_some()
+        || !body.change.is_empty()
+    {
+        log::error!("the flags or the type is not valid");
+        return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    //  <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/net/core/rtnetlink.c#L2383>.
+    if body.index.is_some() {
+        log::error!("filtering by interface index is not valid for link dumps");
+        return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn iface_to_new_link(request_header: &CMsgSegHdr, iface: &Arc<dyn Iface>) -> LinkSegment {
+    let header = CMsgSegHdr {
+        len: 0,
+        type_: CSegmentType::NEWLINK as _,
+        flags: SegHdrCommonFlags::empty().bits(),
+        seq: request_header.seq,
+        pid: request_header.pid,
+    };
+
+    let link_message = LinkSegmentBody {
+        family: AddressFamily::Unspecified,
+        type_: iface.type_(),
+        index: NonZero::new(iface.nic_id() as u32),
+        flags: iface.flags(),
+        change: LinkMessageFlags::empty(),
+        pad: None,
+    };
+
+    let attrs = vec![
+        LinkAttr::Name(CString::new(iface.name()).unwrap()),
+        LinkAttr::Mtu(iface.mtu() as u32),
+    ];
+
+    LinkSegment::new(header, link_message, attrs)
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/kern/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//! # Netlink route kernel module
+//! 内核对于 Netlink 路由的处理模块
+
+use crate::{
+    net::socket::netlink::{
+        message::{
+            segment::{ack::ErrorSegment, CSegmentType},
+            ProtocolSegment,
+        },
+        route::message::{segment::RouteNlSegment, RouteNlMessage},
+        table::{
+            NetlinkKernelSocket, NetlinkRouteProtocol, StandardNetlinkProtocol,
+            SupportedNetlinkProtocol,
+        },
+    },
+    process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace,
+};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+mod addr;
+mod link;
+mod utils;
+
+/// 负责处理 Netlink 路由相关的内核模块
+/// 每个 net namespace 都有一个独立的 NetlinkRouteKernelSocket
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NetlinkRouteKernelSocket {
+    _private: PhantomData<()>,
+}
+
+impl NetlinkRouteKernelSocket {
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        NetlinkRouteKernelSocket {
+            _private: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn request(
+        &self,
+        request: &RouteNlMessage,
+        dst_port: u32,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) {
+        for segment in request.segments() {
+            let header = segment.header();
+
+            let seg_type = CSegmentType::try_from(header.type_).unwrap();
+            let responce = match segment {
+                RouteNlSegment::GetAddr(request) => addr::do_get_addr(request, netns.clone()),
+                RouteNlSegment::GetLink(request) => link::do_get_link(request, netns.clone()),
+                RouteNlSegment::GetRoute(_new_route) => todo!(),
+                _ => {
+                    log::warn!("Unsupported route request segment type: {:?}", seg_type);
+                    todo!()
+                }
+            };
+
+            let responce = match responce {
+                Ok(segments) => RouteNlMessage::new(segments),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    //todo 处理 `NetlinkMessageCommonFlags::ACK`
+                    let err_segment = ErrorSegment::new_from_request(header, Some(error));
+                    RouteNlMessage::new(vec![RouteNlSegment::Error(err_segment)])
+                }
+            };
+
+            NetlinkRouteProtocol::unicast(dst_port, responce, netns.clone()).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NetlinkKernelSocket for NetlinkRouteKernelSocket {
+    fn protocol(&self) -> StandardNetlinkProtocol {
+        StandardNetlinkProtocol::ROUTE
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/kern/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{
+    message::{
+        segment::{
+            ack::DoneSegment,
+            header::{CMsgSegHdr, SegHdrCommonFlags},
+        },
+        ProtocolSegment,
+    },
+    route::message::segment::RouteNlSegment,
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+pub fn finish_response(
+    request_header: &CMsgSegHdr,
+    dump_all: bool,
+    response_segments: &mut Vec<RouteNlSegment>,
+) {
+    if !dump_all {
+        assert_eq!(response_segments.len(), 1);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    append_done_segment(request_header, response_segments);
+    add_multi_flag(response_segments);
+}
+
+fn append_done_segment(header: &CMsgSegHdr, response_segments: &mut Vec<RouteNlSegment>) {
+    let done_segment = DoneSegment::new_from_request(header, None);
+    response_segments.push(RouteNlSegment::Done(done_segment));
+}
+
+fn add_multi_flag(responce_segment: &mut [RouteNlSegment]) {
+    for segment in responce_segment.iter_mut() {
+        let header = segment.header_mut();
+        let mut flags = SegHdrCommonFlags::from_bits_truncate(header.flags);
+        flags |= SegHdrCommonFlags::MULTI;
+        header.flags = flags.bits();
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/attr/addr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{message::attr::Attribute, route::message::attr::IFNAME_SIZE};
+use alloc::ffi::CString;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u16)]
+#[expect(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[expect(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
+enum AddrAttrClass {
+    UNSPEC = 0,
+    ADDRESS = 1,
+    LOCAL = 2,
+    LABEL = 3,
+    BROADCAST = 4,
+    ANYCAST = 5,
+    CACHEINFO = 6,
+    MULTICAST = 7,
+    FLAGS = 8,
+    RT_PRIORITY = 9,
+    TARGET_NETNSID = 10,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u16> for AddrAttrClass {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::UNSPEC),
+            1 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::ADDRESS),
+            2 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::LOCAL),
+            3 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::LABEL),
+            4 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::BROADCAST),
+            5 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::ANYCAST),
+            6 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::CACHEINFO),
+            7 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::MULTICAST),
+            8 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::FLAGS),
+            9 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::RT_PRIORITY),
+            10 => Ok(AddrAttrClass::TARGET_NETNSID),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum AddrAttr {
+    Address([u8; 4]),
+    Local([u8; 4]),
+    Label(CString),
+}
+
+impl AddrAttr {
+    fn class(&self) -> AddrAttrClass {
+        match self {
+            AddrAttr::Address(_) => AddrAttrClass::ADDRESS,
+            AddrAttr::Local(_) => AddrAttrClass::LOCAL,
+            AddrAttr::Label(_) => AddrAttrClass::LABEL,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Attribute for AddrAttr {
+    fn type_(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.class() as u16
+    }
+
+    fn payload_as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        match self {
+            AddrAttr::Address(addr) => addr.as_ref(),
+            AddrAttr::Local(addr) => addr.as_ref(),
+            AddrAttr::Label(label) => label.to_bytes_with_nul(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_buf(
+        header: &crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::CAttrHeader,
+        payload_buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let payload_len = header.payload_len();
+
+        // TODO: Currently, `IS_NET_BYTEORDER_MASK` and `IS_NESTED_MASK` are ignored.
+        let Ok(addr_class) = AddrAttrClass::try_from(header.type_()) else {
+            //reader.skip_some(payload_len);
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // 拷贝payload_buf到本地变量，避免生命周期问题
+        let buf = &payload_buf[..payload_len.min(payload_buf.len())];
+
+        let res = match (addr_class, buf.len()) {
+            (AddrAttrClass::ADDRESS, 4) => {
+                let mut arr = [0u8; 4];
+                arr.copy_from_slice(&buf[0..4]);
+                AddrAttr::Address(arr)
+            }
+            (AddrAttrClass::LOCAL, 4) => {
+                let mut arr = [0u8; 4];
+                arr.copy_from_slice(&buf[0..4]);
+                AddrAttr::Local(arr)
+            }
+            (AddrAttrClass::LABEL, 1..=IFNAME_SIZE) => {
+                // 查找第一个0字节作为结尾，否则用全部
+                let nul_pos = buf.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(buf.len());
+                let cstr = CString::new(&buf[..nul_pos]).map_err(|_| SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+                AddrAttr::Label(cstr)
+            }
+            (AddrAttrClass::ADDRESS | AddrAttrClass::LOCAL | AddrAttrClass::LABEL, _) => {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "address attribute `{:?}` contains invalid payload",
+                    addr_class
+                );
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+            (_, _) => {
+                log::warn!("address attribute `{:?}` is not supported", addr_class);
+                // reader.skip_some(payload_len);
+                return Ok(None);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(Some(res))
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/attr/link.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::Attribute;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::CAttrHeader;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::route::message::attr::convert_one_from_raw_buf;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::route::message::attr::IFNAME_SIZE;
+use alloc::ffi::CString;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, FromPrimitive, ToPrimitive)]
+#[repr(u16)]
+#[expect(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[expect(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
+enum LinkAttrClass {
+    UNSPEC = 0,
+    ADDRESS = 1,
+    BROADCAST = 2,
+    IFNAME = 3,
+    MTU = 4,
+    LINK = 5,
+    QDISC = 6,
+    STATS = 7,
+    COST = 8,
+    PRIORITY = 9,
+    MASTER = 10,
+    /// Wireless Extension event
+    WIRELESS = 11,
+    /// Protocol specific information for a link
+    PROTINFO = 12,
+    TXQLEN = 13,
+    MAP = 14,
+    WEIGHT = 15,
+    OPERSTATE = 16,
+    LINKMODE = 17,
+    LINKINFO = 18,
+    NET_NS_PID = 19,
+    IFALIAS = 20,
+    /// Number of VFs if device is SR-IOV PF
+    NUM_VF = 21,
+    VFINFO_LIST = 22,
+    STATS64 = 23,
+    VF_PORTS = 24,
+    PORT_SELF = 25,
+    AF_SPEC = 26,
+    /// Group the device belongs to
+    GROUP = 27,
+    NET_NS_FD = 28,
+    /// Extended info mask, VFs, etc.
+    EXT_MASK = 29,
+    /// Promiscuity count: > 0 means acts PROMISC
+    PROMISCUITY = 30,
+    NUM_TX_QUEUES = 31,
+    NUM_RX_QUEUES = 32,
+    CARRIER = 33,
+    PHYS_PORT_ID = 34,
+    CARRIER_CHANGES = 35,
+    PHYS_SWITCH_ID = 36,
+    LINK_NETNSID = 37,
+    PHYS_PORT_NAME = 38,
+    PROTO_DOWN = 39,
+    GSO_MAX_SEGS = 40,
+    GSO_MAX_SIZE = 41,
+    PAD = 42,
+    XDP = 43,
+    EVENT = 44,
+    NEW_NETNSID = 45,
+    IF_NETNSID = 46,
+    CARRIER_UP_COUNT = 47,
+    CARRIER_DOWN_COUNT = 48,
+    NEW_IFINDEX = 49,
+    MIN_MTU = 50,
+    MAX_MTU = 51,
+    PROP_LIST = 52,
+    /// Alternative ifname
+    ALT_IFNAME = 53,
+    PERM_ADDRESS = 54,
+    PROTO_DOWN_REASON = 55,
+    PARENT_DEV_NAME = 56,
+    PARENT_DEV_BUS_NAME = 57,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u16> for LinkAttrClass {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
+        return <Self as FromPrimitive>::from_u16(value).ok_or(Self::Error::EINVAL);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum LinkAttr {
+    Name(CString),
+    Mtu(u32),
+    TxqLen(u32),
+    LinkMode(u8),
+    ExtMask(RtExtFilter),
+}
+
+impl LinkAttr {
+    fn class(&self) -> LinkAttrClass {
+        match self {
+            LinkAttr::Name(_) => LinkAttrClass::IFNAME,
+            LinkAttr::Mtu(_) => LinkAttrClass::MTU,
+            LinkAttr::TxqLen(_) => LinkAttrClass::TXQLEN,
+            LinkAttr::LinkMode(_) => LinkAttrClass::LINKMODE,
+            LinkAttr::ExtMask(_) => LinkAttrClass::EXT_MASK,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// #[derive(Debug)]
+// pub enum LinkInfoAttr{
+//     Kind(CString),
+//     Data(Vec<LinkInfoDataAttr>),
+// }
+
+// #[derive(Debug)]
+// pub enum LinkInfoDataAttr{
+//     VlanId(u16),
+
+// }
+
+impl Attribute for LinkAttr {
+    fn type_(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.class() as u16
+    }
+
+    fn payload_as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        match self {
+            LinkAttr::Name(name) => name.as_bytes_with_nul(),
+            LinkAttr::Mtu(mtu) => unsafe {
+                core::slice::from_raw_parts(mtu as *const u32 as *const u8, 4)
+            },
+            LinkAttr::TxqLen(txq_len) => unsafe {
+                core::slice::from_raw_parts(txq_len as *const u32 as *const u8, 4)
+            },
+            LinkAttr::LinkMode(link_mode) => unsafe {
+                core::slice::from_raw_parts(link_mode as *const u8, 1)
+            },
+            LinkAttr::ExtMask(ext_filter) => {
+                let bits = ext_filter.bits();
+                unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(&bits as *const u32 as *const u8, 4) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_buf(header: &CAttrHeader, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Self>, SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let payload_len = header.payload_len();
+
+        // TODO: Currently, `IS_NET_BYTEORDER_MASK` and `IS_NESTED_MASK` are ignored.
+        let Ok(class) = LinkAttrClass::try_from(header.type_()) else {
+            // reader.skip_some(payload_len);
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        let res = match (class, payload_len) {
+            (LinkAttrClass::IFNAME, 1..=IFNAME_SIZE) => {
+                let nul_pos = buf.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(buf.len());
+                let cstr = CString::new(&buf[..nul_pos]).map_err(|_| SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+                Self::Name(cstr)
+            }
+            (LinkAttrClass::MTU, 4) => {
+                let data = convert_one_from_raw_buf::<u32>(buf)?;
+                Self::Mtu(*data)
+            }
+            (LinkAttrClass::TXQLEN, 4) => {
+                let data = convert_one_from_raw_buf::<u32>(buf)?;
+                Self::TxqLen(*data)
+            }
+            (LinkAttrClass::LINKMODE, 1) => {
+                let data = convert_one_from_raw_buf::<u8>(buf)?;
+                Self::LinkMode(*data)
+            }
+            (LinkAttrClass::EXT_MASK, 4) => {
+                const { assert!(size_of::<RtExtFilter>() == 4) };
+                Self::ExtMask(*convert_one_from_raw_buf::<RtExtFilter>(buf)?)
+            }
+
+            (
+                LinkAttrClass::IFNAME
+                | LinkAttrClass::MTU
+                | LinkAttrClass::TXQLEN
+                | LinkAttrClass::LINKMODE
+                | LinkAttrClass::EXT_MASK,
+                _,
+            ) => {
+                log::warn!("link attribute `{:?}` contains invalid payload", class);
+                return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            (_, _) => {
+                log::warn!("link attribute `{:?}` is not supported", class);
+                // reader.skip_some(payload_len);
+                return Ok(None);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(Some(res))
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// New extended info filters for [`NlLinkAttr::ExtMask`].
+    ///
+    /// Reference: <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h#L819>.
+    #[repr(C)]
+    pub struct RtExtFilter: u32 {
+        const VF = 1 << 0;
+        const BRVLAN = 1 << 1;
+        const BRVLAN_COMPRESSED = 1 << 2;
+        const SKIP_STATS = 1 << 3;
+        const MRP = 1 << 4;
+        const CFM_CONFIG = 1 << 5;
+        const CFM_STATUS = 1 << 6;
+        const MST = 1 << 7;
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/attr/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use core::slice::from_raw_parts;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub mod addr;
+pub mod link;
+pub mod route;
+
+/// 网卡名字长度
+const IFNAME_SIZE: usize = 16;
+
+pub(super) fn convert_one_from_raw_buf<T>(src: &[u8]) -> Result<&T, SystemError> {
+    log::info!("convert_one_from_raw_buf: src.len() = {}", src.len());
+    if core::mem::size_of::<T>() > src.len() {
+        return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+    }
+    let byte_buffer: &[u8] = &src[..core::mem::size_of::<T>()];
+
+    let chunks = unsafe { from_raw_parts(byte_buffer.as_ptr() as *const T, 1) };
+    let data = &chunks[0];
+    return Ok(data);
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/attr/route.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::Attribute;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+/// 路由相关属性
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u16)]
+enum RouteAttrClass {
+    UNSPEC = 0,
+    DST = 1,       // 目标地址
+    SRC = 2,       // 源地址
+    IIF = 3,       // 输入接口
+    OIF = 4,       // 输出接口
+    GATEWAY = 5,   // 网关地址
+    PRIORITY = 6,  // 路由优先级
+    PREFSRC = 7,   // 首选源地址
+    METRICS = 8,   // 路由度量
+    MULTIPATH = 9, // 多路径信息
+    TABLE = 15,    // 路由表ID
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u16> for RouteAttrClass {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::UNSPEC),
+            1 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::DST),
+            2 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::SRC),
+            3 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::IIF),
+            4 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::OIF),
+            5 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::GATEWAY),
+            6 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::PRIORITY),
+            7 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::PREFSRC),
+            8 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::METRICS),
+            9 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::MULTIPATH),
+            15 => Ok(RouteAttrClass::TABLE),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum RouteAttr {
+    Dst([u8; 4]),     // 目标地址 (IPv4)
+    Src([u8; 4]),     // 源地址 (IPv4)
+    Gateway([u8; 4]), // 网关地址 (IPv4)
+    Oif(u32),         // 输出接口索引
+    Iif(u32),         // 输入接口索引
+    Priority(u32),    // 路由优先级
+    Prefsrc([u8; 4]), // 首选源地址 (IPv4)
+    Table(u32),       // 路由表ID
+}
+
+impl RouteAttr {
+    fn class(&self) -> RouteAttrClass {
+        match self {
+            RouteAttr::Dst(_) => RouteAttrClass::DST,
+            RouteAttr::Src(_) => RouteAttrClass::SRC,
+            RouteAttr::Gateway(_) => RouteAttrClass::GATEWAY,
+            RouteAttr::Oif(_) => RouteAttrClass::OIF,
+            RouteAttr::Iif(_) => RouteAttrClass::IIF,
+            RouteAttr::Priority(_) => RouteAttrClass::PRIORITY,
+            RouteAttr::Prefsrc(_) => RouteAttrClass::PREFSRC,
+            RouteAttr::Table(_) => RouteAttrClass::TABLE,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Attribute for RouteAttr {
+    fn type_(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.class() as u16
+    }
+    fn payload_as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        // match self {
+        //     RouteAttr::Dst(addr)
+        //     | RouteAttr::Src(addr)
+        //     | RouteAttr::Gateway(addr)
+        //     | RouteAttr::Prefsrc(addr) => addr,
+        //     RouteAttr::Oif(idx) | RouteAttr::Iif(idx) => idx.as_bytes(),
+        //     RouteAttr::Priority(pri) => pri.as_bytes(),
+        //     RouteAttr::Table(table) => table.as_bytes(),
+        // }
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from_buf(
+        _header: &crate::net::socket::netlink::message::attr::CAttrHeader,
+        _payload_buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, SystemError>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pub(super) mod attr;
+pub(super) mod segment;
+
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{message::Message, route::message::segment::RouteNlSegment};
+
+pub(in crate::net::socket::netlink) type RouteNlMessage = Message<RouteNlSegment>;

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/segment/addr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+use core::num::NonZeroU32;
+
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{
+    message::segment::{common::SegmentCommon, SegmentBody},
+    route::message::attr::addr::AddrAttr,
+};
+
+pub type AddrSegment = SegmentCommon<AddrSegmentBody, AddrAttr>;
+
+impl SegmentBody for AddrSegmentBody {
+    type CType = CIfaddrMsg;
+}
+
+/// `ifaddrmsg` in Linux.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CIfaddrMsg {
+    pub family: u8,
+    /// The prefix length
+    pub prefix_len: u8,
+    /// Flags
+    pub flags: u8,
+    /// Address scope
+    pub scope: u8,
+    /// Link index
+    pub index: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct AddrSegmentBody {
+    pub family: i32,
+    pub prefix_len: u8,
+    pub flags: AddrMessageFlags,
+    pub scope: RtScope,
+    pub index: Option<NonZeroU32>,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<CIfaddrMsg> for AddrSegmentBody {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: CIfaddrMsg) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
+        // TODO: If the attribute IFA_FLAGS exists, the flags in header should be ignored.
+        let flags = AddrMessageFlags::from_bits_truncate(value.flags as u32);
+        let scope = RtScope::try_from(value.scope as i32)?;
+        let index = NonZeroU32::new(value.index);
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            family: value.family as i32,
+            prefix_len: value.prefix_len,
+            flags,
+            scope,
+            index,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AddrSegmentBody> for CIfaddrMsg {
+    fn from(value: AddrSegmentBody) -> Self {
+        let index = if let Some(index) = value.index {
+            index.get()
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+        CIfaddrMsg {
+            family: value.family as u8,
+            prefix_len: value.prefix_len,
+            flags: value.flags.bits() as u8,
+            scope: value.scope as _,
+            index,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags in [`CIfaddrMsg`].
+    pub struct AddrMessageFlags: u32 {
+        const SECONDARY      = 0x01;
+        const NODAD          = 0x02;
+        const OPTIMISTIC     = 0x04;
+        const DADFAILED      = 0x08;
+        const HOMEADDRESS    = 0x10;
+        const DEPRECATED	 = 0x20;
+        const TENTATIVE		 = 0x40;
+        const PERMANENT		 = 0x80;
+        const MANAGETEMPADDR = 0x100;
+        const NOPREFIXROUTE	 = 0x200;
+        const MCAUTOJOIN	 = 0x400;
+        const STABLE_PRIVACY = 0x800;
+    }
+}
+
+/// `rt_scope_t` in Linux.
+#[repr(u8)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[expect(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
+pub enum RtScope {
+    UNIVERSE = 0,
+    // User defined values
+    SITE = 200,
+    LINK = 253,
+    HOST = 254,
+    NOWHERE = 255,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<i32> for RtScope {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: i32) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RtScope::UNIVERSE),
+            200 => Ok(RtScope::SITE),
+            253 => Ok(RtScope::LINK),
+            254 => Ok(RtScope::HOST),
+            255 => Ok(RtScope::NOWHERE),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/segment/link.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+use crate::{
+    driver::net::types::{InterfaceFlags, InterfaceType},
+    net::socket::{
+        netlink::{
+            message::segment::{common::SegmentCommon, SegmentBody},
+            route::message::attr::link::LinkAttr,
+        },
+        AddressFamily,
+    },
+};
+use core::num::NonZeroU32;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub type LinkSegment = SegmentCommon<LinkSegmentBody, LinkAttr>;
+
+impl SegmentBody for LinkSegmentBody {
+    type CType = CIfinfoMsg;
+}
+
+/// `ifinfomsg`
+/// <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h#L561>.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CIfinfoMsg {
+    /// AF_UNSPEC
+    pub family: u8,
+    /// Padding byte
+    pub pad: u8,
+    /// Device type
+    pub type_: u16,
+    /// Interface index
+    pub index: u32,
+    /// Device flags
+    pub flags: u32,
+    /// Change mask
+    pub change: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct LinkSegmentBody {
+    pub family: AddressFamily,
+    pub type_: InterfaceType,
+    pub index: Option<NonZeroU32>,
+    pub flags: InterfaceFlags,
+    pub change: LinkMessageFlags,
+    pub pad: Option<u8>, // Must be 0
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<CIfinfoMsg> for LinkSegmentBody {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: CIfinfoMsg) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let family = AddressFamily::try_from(value.family as u16)?;
+        let type_ = InterfaceType::try_from(value.type_)?;
+        let index = NonZeroU32::new(value.index);
+        let flags = InterfaceFlags::from_bits_truncate(value.flags);
+        let change = LinkMessageFlags::from_bits_truncate(value.change);
+        let pad = if value.pad > 0 { Some(value.pad) } else { None };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            family,
+            type_,
+            index,
+            flags,
+            change,
+            pad,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<LinkSegmentBody> for CIfinfoMsg {
+    fn from(value: LinkSegmentBody) -> Self {
+        CIfinfoMsg {
+            family: value.family as _,
+            pad: 0u8,
+            type_: value.type_ as _,
+            index: value.index.map(NonZeroU32::get).unwrap_or(0),
+            flags: value.flags.bits(),
+            change: value.change.bits(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags in [`CIfinfoMsg`].
+    /// <https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.13/source/include/uapi/linux/if.h#L82>.
+    pub struct LinkMessageFlags: u32 {
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_UP            = 1<<0;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_BROADCAST     = 1<<1;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_DEBUG         = 1<<2;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_LOOPBACK      = 1<<3;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_POINTOPOINT   = 1<<4;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_NOTRAILERS    = 1<<5;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_RUNNING       = 1<<6;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_NOARP         = 1<<7;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_PROMISC       = 1<<8;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_ALLMULTI      = 1<<9;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_MASTER        = 1<<10;
+        // volatile
+        const IFF_SLAVE         = 1<<11;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_MULTICAST     = 1<<12;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_PORTSEL       = 1<<13;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_AUTOMEDIA     = 1<<14;
+        // sysfs
+        const IFF_DYNAMIC       = 1<<15;
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/segment/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+pub mod addr;
+pub mod link;
+pub mod route;
+
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{
+    message::{
+        segment::{
+            ack::{DoneSegment, ErrorSegment},
+            header::CMsgSegHdr,
+            CSegmentType,
+        },
+        ProtocolSegment,
+    },
+    route::message::segment::{addr::AddrSegment, link::LinkSegment, route::RouteSegment},
+};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum RouteNlSegment {
+    NewLink(LinkSegment),
+    GetLink(LinkSegment),
+    NewAddr(AddrSegment),
+    GetAddr(AddrSegment),
+    Done(DoneSegment),
+    Error(ErrorSegment),
+    NewRoute(RouteSegment),
+    DelRoute(RouteSegment),
+    GetRoute(RouteSegment),
+}
+
+impl ProtocolSegment for RouteNlSegment {
+    fn header(&self) -> &crate::net::socket::netlink::message::segment::header::CMsgSegHdr {
+        match self {
+            RouteNlSegment::NewRoute(route_segment)
+            | RouteNlSegment::DelRoute(route_segment)
+            | RouteNlSegment::GetRoute(route_segment) => route_segment.header(),
+            RouteNlSegment::NewAddr(addr_segment) | RouteNlSegment::GetAddr(addr_segment) => {
+                addr_segment.header()
+            }
+            RouteNlSegment::NewLink(link_segment) | RouteNlSegment::GetLink(link_segment) => {
+                link_segment.header()
+            }
+            RouteNlSegment::Done(done_segment) => done_segment.header(),
+            RouteNlSegment::Error(error_segment) => error_segment.header(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn header_mut(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> &mut crate::net::socket::netlink::message::segment::header::CMsgSegHdr {
+        match self {
+            RouteNlSegment::NewRoute(route_segment)
+            | RouteNlSegment::DelRoute(route_segment)
+            | RouteNlSegment::GetRoute(route_segment) => route_segment.header_mut(),
+            RouteNlSegment::NewAddr(addr_segment) | RouteNlSegment::GetAddr(addr_segment) => {
+                addr_segment.header_mut()
+            }
+            RouteNlSegment::NewLink(link_segment) | RouteNlSegment::GetLink(link_segment) => {
+                link_segment.header_mut()
+            }
+            RouteNlSegment::Done(done_segment) => done_segment.header_mut(),
+            RouteNlSegment::Error(error_segment) => error_segment.header_mut(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_from(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, SystemError> {
+        let header_size = size_of::<CMsgSegHdr>();
+        if buf.len() < header_size {
+            log::warn!("the buffer is too small to read a netlink segment header");
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        let header = unsafe { *(buf.as_ptr() as *const CMsgSegHdr) };
+        let payload_buf = &buf[header_size..];
+
+        let segment = match CSegmentType::try_from(header.type_)? {
+            CSegmentType::GETADDR => {
+                RouteNlSegment::GetAddr(AddrSegment::read_from_buf(header, payload_buf)?)
+            }
+            CSegmentType::GETROUTE => {
+                RouteNlSegment::GetRoute(RouteSegment::read_from_buf(header, payload_buf)?)
+            }
+            CSegmentType::GETLINK => {
+                RouteNlSegment::GetLink(LinkSegment::read_from_buf(header, payload_buf)?)
+            }
+            _ => return Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        };
+
+        Ok(segment)
+    }
+
+    fn write_to(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        // log::info!("RouteNlSegment write_to");
+        let copied = match self {
+            RouteNlSegment::NewAddr(addr_segment) => addr_segment.write_to_buf(buf)?,
+            RouteNlSegment::NewRoute(route_segment) => route_segment.write_to_buf(buf)?,
+            RouteNlSegment::NewLink(link_segment) => link_segment.write_to_buf(buf)?,
+            RouteNlSegment::Done(done_segment) => done_segment.write_to_buf(buf)?,
+            RouteNlSegment::Error(error_segment) => error_segment.write_to_buf(buf)?,
+            _ => {
+                log::warn!("write_to is not implemented for this segment type");
+                return Err(SystemError::ENOSYS);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(copied)
+    }
+
+    fn protocol(&self) -> crate::net::socket::netlink::table::StandardNetlinkProtocol {
+        crate::net::socket::netlink::table::StandardNetlinkProtocol::ROUTE
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/message/segment/route.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+use crate::net::socket::{
+    netlink::{
+        message::segment::{common::SegmentCommon, SegmentBody},
+        route::message::attr::route::RouteAttr,
+    },
+    AddressFamily,
+};
+
+pub type RouteSegment = SegmentCommon<RouteSegmentBody, RouteAttr>;
+
+impl SegmentBody for RouteSegmentBody {
+    type CType = CRtMsg;
+}
+
+/// `rtmsg` in Linux
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CRtMsg {
+    /// 地址族 (AF_INET/AF_INET6)
+    pub family: u8,
+    /// 目标地址前缀长度
+    pub dst_len: u8,
+    /// 源地址前缀长度
+    pub src_len: u8,
+    /// 服务类型/DSCP
+    pub tos: u8,
+    /// 路由表ID
+    pub table: u8,
+    /// 路由协议
+    pub protocol: u8,
+    /// 路由作用域
+    pub scope: u8,
+    /// 路由类型
+    pub type_: u8,
+    /// 路由标志
+    pub flags: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct RouteSegmentBody {
+    pub family: AddressFamily,
+    pub dst_len: u8,
+    pub src_len: u8,
+    pub tos: u8,
+    pub table: RouteTable,
+    pub protocol: RouteProtocol,
+    pub scope: RouteScope,
+    pub type_: RouteType,
+    pub flags: RouteFlags,
+}
+
+// 定义路由相关的枚举类型
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RouteTable {
+    Unspec = 0,
+    Compat = 252,
+    Default = 253,
+    Main = 254,
+    Local = 255,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for RouteTable {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RouteTable::Unspec),
+            252 => Ok(RouteTable::Compat),
+            253 => Ok(RouteTable::Default),
+            254 => Ok(RouteTable::Main),
+            255 => Ok(RouteTable::Local),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RouteProtocol {
+    Unspec = 0,
+    Redirect = 1,
+    Kernel = 2,
+    Boot = 3,
+    Static = 4,
+    // 添加更多协议...
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for RouteProtocol {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RouteProtocol::Unspec),
+            1 => Ok(RouteProtocol::Redirect),
+            2 => Ok(RouteProtocol::Kernel),
+            3 => Ok(RouteProtocol::Boot),
+            4 => Ok(RouteProtocol::Static),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RouteScope {
+    Universe = 0,
+    Site = 200,
+    Link = 253,
+    Host = 254,
+    Nowhere = 255,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for RouteScope {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RouteScope::Universe),
+            200 => Ok(RouteScope::Site),
+            253 => Ok(RouteScope::Link),
+            254 => Ok(RouteScope::Host),
+            255 => Ok(RouteScope::Nowhere),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RouteType {
+    Unspec = 0,
+    Unicast = 1,
+    Local = 2,
+    Broadcast = 3,
+    Anycast = 4,
+    Multicast = 5,
+    Blackhole = 6,
+    Unreachable = 7,
+    Prohibit = 8,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for RouteType {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(RouteType::Unspec),
+            1 => Ok(RouteType::Unicast),
+            2 => Ok(RouteType::Local),
+            3 => Ok(RouteType::Broadcast),
+            4 => Ok(RouteType::Anycast),
+            5 => Ok(RouteType::Multicast),
+            6 => Ok(RouteType::Blackhole),
+            7 => Ok(RouteType::Unreachable),
+            8 => Ok(RouteType::Prohibit),
+            _ => Err(SystemError::EINVAL),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags::bitflags! {
+    pub struct RouteFlags: u32 {
+        const NOTIFY = 0x100;
+        const CLONED = 0x200;
+        const EQUALIZE = 0x400;
+        const PREFIX = 0x800;
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<CRtMsg> for RouteSegmentBody {
+    type Error = SystemError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: CRtMsg) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let family = AddressFamily::try_from(value.family as u16)?;
+        let table = RouteTable::try_from(value.table)?;
+        let protocol = RouteProtocol::try_from(value.protocol)?;
+        let scope = RouteScope::try_from(value.scope)?;
+        let type_ = RouteType::try_from(value.type_)?;
+        let flags = RouteFlags::from_bits_truncate(value.flags);
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            family,
+            dst_len: value.dst_len,
+            src_len: value.src_len,
+            tos: value.tos,
+            table,
+            protocol,
+            scope,
+            type_,
+            flags,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<RouteSegmentBody> for CRtMsg {
+    fn from(body: RouteSegmentBody) -> Self {
+        CRtMsg {
+            family: body.family as u8,
+            dst_len: body.dst_len,
+            src_len: body.src_len,
+            tos: body.tos,
+            table: body.table as u8,
+            protocol: body.protocol as u8,
+            scope: body.scope as u8,
+            type_: body.type_ as u8,
+            flags: body.flags.bits(),
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/route/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::{common::NetlinkSocket, table::NetlinkRouteProtocol};
+
+pub(super) mod bound;
+pub(super) mod kern;
+pub(super) mod message;
+
+pub(super) type NetlinkRouteSocket = NetlinkSocket<NetlinkRouteProtocol>;

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/table/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+mod multicast;
+
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::addr::multicast::GroupIdSet;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::route::kern::NetlinkRouteKernelSocket;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::route::message::RouteNlMessage;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::table::multicast::MulticastMessage;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
+use crate::process::ProcessManager;
+use crate::{libs::rand, net::socket::netlink::addr::NetlinkSocketAddr};
+use crate::{
+    libs::rwlock::RwLock,
+    net::socket::netlink::{receiver::MessageReceiver, table::multicast::MulticastGroup},
+};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::any::Any;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+pub const MAX_ALLOWED_PROTOCOL_ID: u32 = 32;
+const MAX_GROUPS: u32 = 32;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NetlinkSocketTable {
+    route: Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<RouteNlMessage>>>,
+    // 在这里继续补充其他协议下的 socket table
+    // 比如 uevent: Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<UeventMessage>>>,
+}
+
+impl Default for NetlinkSocketTable {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            route: Arc::new(RwLock::new(ProtocolSocketTable::new())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NetlinkSocketTable {
+    pub fn route(&self) -> Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<RouteNlMessage>>> {
+        self.route.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ProtocolSocketTable<Message: Debug> {
+    unicast_sockets: BTreeMap<u32, MessageReceiver<Message>>,
+    multicast_groups: Box<[MulticastGroup]>,
+}
+
+impl<Message: 'static + Debug> ProtocolSocketTable<Message> {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let multicast_groups = (0u32..MAX_GROUPS).map(|_| MulticastGroup::new()).collect();
+        Self {
+            unicast_sockets: BTreeMap::new(),
+            multicast_groups,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn bind(
+        &mut self,
+        socket_table: Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<Message>>>,
+        addr: &NetlinkSocketAddr,
+        receiver: MessageReceiver<Message>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundHandle<Message>, SystemError> {
+        let port = if addr.port() != 0 {
+            addr.port()
+        } else {
+            let mut random_port = ProcessManager::current_pid().data() as u32;
+            while random_port == 0 || self.unicast_sockets.contains_key(&random_port) {
+                random_port = rand::soft_rand() as u32;
+            }
+            random_port
+        };
+
+        if self.unicast_sockets.contains_key(&port) {
+            return Err(SystemError::EADDRINUSE);
+        }
+
+        self.unicast_sockets.insert(port, receiver);
+
+        for group_id in addr.groups().ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut self.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.add_member(port);
+        }
+
+        Ok(BoundHandle::new(socket_table, port, addr.groups()))
+    }
+
+    fn unicast(&self, dst_port: u32, message: Message) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        let Some(receiver) = self.unicast_sockets.get(&dst_port) else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        receiver.enqueue_message(message)
+    }
+
+    fn multicast(&self, dst_groups: GroupIdSet, message: Message) -> Result<(), SystemError>
+    where
+        Message: MulticastMessage,
+    {
+        for group_id in dst_groups.ids_iter() {
+            let Some(group) = self.multicast_groups.get(group_id as usize) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            for member in group.members() {
+                if let Some(receiver) = self.unicast_sockets.get(member) {
+                    receiver.enqueue_message(message.clone())?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BoundHandle<Message: 'static + Debug> {
+    socket_table: Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<Message>>>,
+    port: u32,
+    groups: GroupIdSet,
+}
+
+impl<Message: 'static + Debug> BoundHandle<Message> {
+    fn new(
+        socket_table: Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<Message>>>,
+        port: u32,
+        groups: GroupIdSet,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            socket_table,
+            port,
+            groups,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) const fn port(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.port
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn addr(&self) -> NetlinkSocketAddr {
+        NetlinkSocketAddr::new(self.port, self.groups)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn add_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        let mut protocol_sockets = self.socket_table.write();
+
+        for group_id in groups.ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut protocol_sockets.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.add_member(self.port);
+        }
+
+        self.groups.add_groups(groups);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn drop_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        let mut protocol_sockets = self.socket_table.write();
+
+        for group_id in groups.ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut protocol_sockets.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.remove_member(self.port);
+        }
+
+        self.groups.drop_groups(groups);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn bind_groups(&mut self, groups: GroupIdSet) {
+        let mut protocol_sockets = self.socket_table.write();
+
+        for group_id in self.groups.ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut protocol_sockets.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.remove_member(self.port);
+        }
+
+        for group_id in groups.ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut protocol_sockets.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.add_member(self.port);
+        }
+
+        self.groups = groups;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Message: 'static + Debug> Drop for BoundHandle<Message> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let mut protocol_sockets = self.socket_table.write();
+
+        protocol_sockets.unicast_sockets.remove(&self.port);
+
+        for group_id in self.groups.ids_iter() {
+            let group = &mut protocol_sockets.multicast_groups[group_id as usize];
+            group.remove_member(self.port);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait SupportedNetlinkProtocol: Debug {
+    type Message: 'static + Send + Debug;
+
+    fn socket_table(netns: Arc<NetNamespace>) -> Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<Self::Message>>>;
+
+    fn bind(
+        addr: &NetlinkSocketAddr,
+        receiver: MessageReceiver<Self::Message>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<BoundHandle<Self::Message>, SystemError> {
+        let socket_table = Self::socket_table(netns);
+        let mut socket_table_guard = socket_table.write();
+        socket_table_guard.bind(socket_table.clone(), addr, receiver)
+    }
+
+    fn unicast(
+        dst_port: u32,
+        message: Self::Message,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        Self::socket_table(netns).read().unicast(dst_port, message)
+    }
+
+    //todo 多播消息用
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    fn multicast(
+        dst_groups: GroupIdSet,
+        message: Self::Message,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError>
+    where
+        Self::Message: MulticastMessage,
+    {
+        Self::socket_table(netns)
+            .read()
+            .multicast(dst_groups, message)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NetlinkRouteProtocol;
+
+impl SupportedNetlinkProtocol for NetlinkRouteProtocol {
+    type Message = RouteNlMessage;
+
+    fn socket_table(netns: Arc<NetNamespace>) -> Arc<RwLock<ProtocolSocketTable<Self::Message>>> {
+        netns.netlink_socket_table().route()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn is_valid_protocol(protocol: u32) -> bool {
+    protocol < MAX_ALLOWED_PROTOCOL_ID
+}
+
+pub trait NetlinkKernelSocket: Debug + Send + Sync {
+    fn protocol(&self) -> StandardNetlinkProtocol;
+
+    /// 用于实现动态转换
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn Any;
+}
+
+/// 为一个网络命名空间生成支持的 Netlink 内核套接字
+pub fn generate_supported_netlink_kernel_sockets() -> HashMap<u32, Arc<dyn NetlinkKernelSocket>> {
+    let mut sockets: HashMap<u32, Arc<dyn NetlinkKernelSocket>> =
+        HashMap::with_capacity(MAX_ALLOWED_PROTOCOL_ID as usize);
+    let route_socket = Arc::new(NetlinkRouteKernelSocket::new());
+    sockets.insert(route_socket.protocol().into(), route_socket);
+
+    // Add other supported netlink kernel sockets here
+    sockets
+}
+
+#[expect(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum StandardNetlinkProtocol {
+    /// Routing/device hook
+    ROUTE = 0,
+    /// Unused number
+    UNUSED = 1,
+    /// Reserved for user mode socket protocols
+    USERSOCK = 2,
+    /// Unused number, formerly ip_queue
+    FIREWALL = 3,
+    /// Socket monitoring
+    SOCK_DIAG = 4,
+    /// Netfilter/iptables ULOG
+    NFLOG = 5,
+    /// IPsec
+    XFRM = 6,
+    /// SELinux event notifications
+    SELINUX = 7,
+    /// Open-iSCSI
+    ISCSI = 8,
+    /// Auditing
+    AUDIT = 9,
+    FIB_LOOKUP = 10,
+    CONNECTOR = 11,
+    /// Netfilter subsystem
+    NETFILTER = 12,
+    IP6_FW = 13,
+    /// DECnet routing messages
+    DNRTMSG = 14,
+    /// Kernel messages to userspace
+    KOBJECT_UEVENT = 15,
+    GENERIC = 16,
+    /// Leave room for NETLINK_DM (DM Events)
+    /// SCSI Transports
+    SCSITRANSPORT = 18,
+    ECRYPTFS = 19,
+    RDMA = 20,
+    /// Crypto layer
+    CRYPTO = 21,
+    /// SMC monitoring
+    SMC = 22,
+}
+
+impl From<StandardNetlinkProtocol> for u32 {
+    fn from(value: StandardNetlinkProtocol) -> Self {
+        value as u32
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u32> for StandardNetlinkProtocol {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn try_from(value: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            0 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::ROUTE),
+            1 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::UNUSED),
+            2 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::USERSOCK),
+            3 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::FIREWALL),
+            4 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::SOCK_DIAG),
+            5 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::NFLOG),
+            6 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::XFRM),
+            7 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::SELINUX),
+            8 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::ISCSI),
+            9 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::AUDIT),
+            10 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::FIB_LOOKUP),
+            11 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::CONNECTOR),
+            12 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::NETFILTER),
+            13 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::IP6_FW),
+            14 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::DNRTMSG),
+            15 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::KOBJECT_UEVENT),
+            16 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::GENERIC),
+            18 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::SCSITRANSPORT),
+            19 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::ECRYPTFS),
+            20 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::RDMA),
+            21 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::CRYPTO),
+            22 => Ok(StandardNetlinkProtocol::SMC),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/netlink/table/multicast.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use alloc::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MulticastGroup {
+    // portnumber: u32,
+    members: BTreeSet<u32>,
+}
+
+impl MulticastGroup {
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            members: BTreeSet::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_member(&mut self, port_num: u32) {
+        self.members.insert(port_num);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_member(&mut self, port_num: u32) {
+        self.members.remove(&port_num);
+    }
+
+    pub fn members(&self) -> &BTreeSet<u32> {
+        &self.members
+    }
+}
+
+/// Uevent that can be sent to multicast groups.
+pub trait MulticastMessage: Clone {}

kernel/src/net/socket/utils/datagram_common.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+use crate::filesystem::epoll::EPollEventType;
+use crate::process::namespace::net_namespace::NetNamespace;
+use crate::{
+    libs::{rwlock::RwLock, wait_queue::WaitQueue},
+    net::socket::PMSG,
+};
+use alloc::fmt::Debug;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::panic;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+//todo netlink和udp的操作相同，目前只是为netlink实现了下面的trait，后续为 UdpSocket实现下面的trait，提高复用性
+
+pub trait Unbound {
+    type Endpoint: Debug;
+    type Bound;
+
+    fn bind(
+        &mut self,
+        endpoint: &Self::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Bound, SystemError>;
+
+    fn bind_ephemeral(
+        &mut self,
+        endpoint: &Self::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Bound, SystemError>;
+
+    fn check_io_events(&self) -> EPollEventType;
+
+    fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Option<Self::Endpoint>;
+}
+
+pub trait Bound {
+    type Endpoint: Clone + Debug;
+
+    fn bind(&mut self, _endpoint: &Self::Endpoint) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        Err(SystemError::EINVAL)
+    }
+
+    fn local_endpoint(&self) -> Self::Endpoint;
+
+    fn remote_endpoint(&self) -> Option<Self::Endpoint>;
+
+    fn set_remote_endpoint(&mut self, endpoint: &Self::Endpoint);
+
+    fn try_recv(
+        &self,
+        writer: &mut [u8],
+        flags: PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, Self::Endpoint), SystemError>;
+
+    fn try_send(&self, buf: &[u8], to: &Self::Endpoint, flags: PMSG) -> Result<usize, SystemError>;
+
+    fn check_io_events(&self) -> EPollEventType;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Inner<UnboundSocket, BoundSocket> {
+    Unbound(UnboundSocket),
+    Bound(BoundSocket),
+}
+
+impl<UnboundSocket, BoundSocket> Inner<UnboundSocket, BoundSocket>
+where
+    UnboundSocket: Unbound<Endpoint = BoundSocket::Endpoint, Bound = BoundSocket>,
+    BoundSocket: Bound,
+{
+    pub fn bind(
+        &mut self,
+        endpoint: &UnboundSocket::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        let unbound = match self {
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => return bound.bind(endpoint),
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound,
+        };
+
+        let bound = unbound.bind(endpoint, wait_queue, netns)?;
+        *self = Inner::Bound(bound);
+
+        // log::info!("Socket bound to endpoint: {:?}", endpoint);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind_ephemeral(
+        &mut self,
+        remote_endpoint: &UnboundSocket::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        let unbound_datagram = match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound,
+            Inner::Bound(_) => return Ok(()),
+        };
+
+        let bound = unbound_datagram.bind_ephemeral(remote_endpoint, wait_queue, netns)?;
+        *self = Inner::Bound(bound);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn connect(
+        &mut self,
+        remote_endpoint: &UnboundSocket::Endpoint,
+        wait_queue: Arc<WaitQueue>,
+        netns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        self.bind_ephemeral(remote_endpoint, wait_queue, netns)?;
+
+        let bound = match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(_) => {
+                unreachable!(
+                    "`bind_to_ephemeral_endpoint` succeeds so the socket cannot be unbound"
+                );
+            }
+            Inner::Bound(bound_datagram) => bound_datagram,
+        };
+        bound.set_remote_endpoint(remote_endpoint);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_io_events(&self) -> EPollEventType {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound_datagram) => unbound_datagram.check_io_events(),
+            Inner::Bound(bound_datagram) => bound_datagram.check_io_events(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn addr(&self) -> Option<UnboundSocket::Endpoint> {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(unbound) => unbound.local_endpoint(),
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => Some(bound.local_endpoint()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> Option<UnboundSocket::Endpoint> {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(_) => None,
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => bound.remote_endpoint(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn try_recv(
+        &self,
+        writer: &mut [u8],
+        flags: PMSG,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, UnboundSocket::Endpoint), SystemError> {
+        match self {
+            Inner::Unbound(_) => Err(SystemError::EAGAIN_OR_EWOULDBLOCK),
+            Inner::Bound(bound) => bound.try_recv(writer, flags),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // try_send 在下面:)
+}
+
+pub fn select_remote_and_bind<UnboundSocket, BoundSocket, B, F, R>(
+    inner_lock: &RwLock<Inner<UnboundSocket, BoundSocket>>,
+    remote: Option<UnboundSocket::Endpoint>,
+    bind_ephemeral: B,
+    op: F,
+) -> Result<R, SystemError>
+where
+    UnboundSocket: Unbound<Endpoint = BoundSocket::Endpoint, Bound = BoundSocket>,
+    BoundSocket: Bound,
+    B: FnOnce() -> Result<(), SystemError>,
+    F: FnOnce(&BoundSocket, UnboundSocket::Endpoint) -> Result<R, SystemError>,
+{
+    let mut inner = inner_lock.read();
+
+    // 这里用 loop 只是为了用 break :)
+    #[expect(clippy::never_loop)]
+    let bound = loop {
+        if let Inner::Bound(bound) = &*inner {
+            break bound;
+        }
+
+        drop(inner);
+        bind_ephemeral()?;
+
+        inner = inner_lock.read();
+
+        if let Inner::Bound(bound_datagram) = &*inner {
+            break bound_datagram;
+        }
+
+        panic!("Socket binding state inconsistent after bind_ephemeral");
+    };
+
+    let remote_endpoint = match remote {
+        Some(r) => r.clone(),
+        None => bound.remote_endpoint().ok_or(SystemError::EDESTADDRREQ)?,
+    };
+
+    op(bound, remote_endpoint)
+}

kernel/src/net/socket/utils/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+pub(super) mod datagram_common;
+
 use crate::net::socket::{
-    self, inet::syscall::create_inet_socket, unix::create_unix_socket, Socket,
+    self, inet::syscall::create_inet_socket, netlink::create_netlink_socket,
+    unix::create_unix_socket, Socket,
 };
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use system_error::SystemError;
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ pub fn create_socket(
             is_nonblock,
         )?,
         AF::Unix => create_unix_socket(socket_type, is_nonblock)?,
+        AF::Netlink => create_netlink_socket(socket_type, protocol, is_nonblock)?,
         _ => {
             log::warn!("unsupport address family");
             return Err(SystemError::EAFNOSUPPORT);

kernel/src/net/syscall.rs

@@ -124,9 +124,13 @@ impl Syscall {
         optval: &[u8],
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         let sol = socket::PSOL::try_from(level as u32)?;
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?;
         log::debug!("setsockopt: level = {:?} ", sol);
-        return socket.set_option(sol, optname, optval).map(|_| 0);
+        return socket
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_option(sol, optname, optval)
+            .map(|_| 0);
     }
 
     /// @brief sys_getsockopt系统调用的实际执行函数
@@ -147,7 +151,8 @@ impl Syscall {
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         // 获取socket
         let optval = optval as *mut u32;
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket_inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket = socket_inode.as_socket().unwrap();
 
         use socket::{PSO, PSOL};
 
@@ -207,8 +212,11 @@ impl Syscall {
     /// @return 成功返回0，失败返回错误码
     pub fn connect(fd: usize, addr: *const SockAddr, addrlen: u32) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         let endpoint: Endpoint = SockAddr::to_endpoint(addr, addrlen)?;
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
-        socket.connect(endpoint)?;
+        ProcessManager::current_pcb()
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
+            .connect(endpoint)?;
         Ok(0)
     }
 
@@ -228,9 +236,11 @@ impl Syscall {
         //     addrlen
         // );
         let endpoint: Endpoint = SockAddr::to_endpoint(addr, addrlen)?;
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
-        // log::debug!("bind: socket={:?}", socket);
-        socket.bind(endpoint)?;
+        ProcessManager::current_pcb()
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
+            .bind(endpoint)?;
         Ok(0)
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +268,8 @@ impl Syscall {
 
         let flags = socket::PMSG::from_bits_truncate(flags);
 
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket_inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket = socket_inode.as_socket().unwrap();
 
         if let Some(endpoint) = endpoint {
             return socket.send_to(buf, flags, endpoint);
@@ -283,7 +294,8 @@ impl Syscall {
         addr: *mut SockAddr,
         addr_len: *mut u32,
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
-        let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket_inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?;
+        let socket = socket_inode.as_socket().unwrap();
 
         let flags = socket::PMSG::from_bits_truncate(flags);
 
@@ -320,7 +332,8 @@ impl Syscall {
         let iovs = unsafe { IoVecs::from_user(msg.msg_iov, msg.msg_iovlen, true)? };
 
         let (buf, recv_size) = {
-            let socket = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
+            let socket_inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?;
+            let socket = socket_inode.as_socket().unwrap();
 
             let flags = socket::PMSG::from_bits_truncate(flags);
 
@@ -344,8 +357,12 @@ impl Syscall {
     ///
     /// @return 成功返回0，失败返回错误码
     pub fn listen(fd: usize, backlog: usize) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
-        let inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
-        inode.listen(backlog).map(|_| 0)
+        ProcessManager::current_pcb()
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
+            .listen(backlog)
+            .map(|_| 0)
     }
 
     /// @brief sys_shutdown系统调用的实际执行函数
@@ -355,8 +372,12 @@ impl Syscall {
     ///
     /// @return 成功返回0，失败返回错误码
     pub fn shutdown(fd: usize, how: usize) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
-        let inode = ProcessManager::current_pcb().get_socket(fd as i32)?;
-        inode.shutdown(ShutdownBit::try_from(how)?).map(|()| 0)
+        ProcessManager::current_pcb()
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
+            .shutdown(ShutdownBit::try_from(how)?)
+            .map(|()| 0)
     }
 
     /// @brief sys_accept系统调用的实际执行函数
@@ -413,7 +434,9 @@ impl Syscall {
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         let (new_socket, remote_endpoint) = {
             ProcessManager::current_pcb()
-                .get_socket(fd as i32)?
+                .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+                .as_socket()
+                .unwrap()
                 .accept()?
         };
 
@@ -459,7 +482,9 @@ impl Syscall {
             return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
         }
         ProcessManager::current_pcb()
-            .get_socket(fd as i32)?
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
             .local_endpoint()?
             .write_to_user(addr, addrlen)?;
         return Ok(0);
@@ -482,7 +507,9 @@ impl Syscall {
         }
 
         ProcessManager::current_pcb()
-            .get_socket(fd as i32)?
+            .get_socket_inode(fd as i32)?
+            .as_socket()
+            .unwrap()
             .remote_endpoint()?
             .write_to_user(addr, addrlen)?;
 

kernel/src/process/mod.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ use alloc::{
 };
 use cred::INIT_CRED;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
-use intertrait::cast::CastArc;
 use log::{debug, error, info, warn};
 use pid::{alloc_pid, Pid, PidLink, PidType};
 use process_group::Pgid;
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ use crate::{
         ucontext::AddressSpace,
         PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
     },
-    net::socket::Socket,
     process::resource::{RLimit64, RLimitID},
     sched::{
         DequeueFlag, EnqueueFlag, OnRq, SchedMode, WakeupFlags, __schedule, completion::Completion,
@@ -1191,7 +1189,7 @@ impl ProcessControlBlock {
         self.task_tgid_vnr().unwrap() == RawPid(1)
     }
 
-    /// 根据文件描述符序号，获取socket对象的Arc指针
+    /// 根据文件描述符序号，获取socket相应的IndexNode的Arc指针
     ///
     /// this is a helper function
     ///
@@ -1201,8 +1199,13 @@ impl ProcessControlBlock {
     ///
     /// ## 返回值
     ///
-    /// Option(&mut Box<dyn Socket>) socket对象的可变引用. 如果文件描述符不是socket，那么返回None
-    pub fn get_socket(&self, fd: i32) -> Result<Arc<dyn Socket>, SystemError> {
+    /// 如果fd对应的文件是一个socket，那么返回这个socket相应的IndexNode的Arc指针，否则返回错误码
+    ///
+    /// # 注意
+    /// 因为底层的Socket中可能包含泛型，经过类型擦除转换成Arc<dyn Socket>的时候内部的泛型信息会丢失;
+    /// 因此这里返回Arc<dyn IndexNode>，可在外部直接通过 `as_socket()` 转换成 `Option<&dyn Socket>`;
+    /// 因为内部已经经过检查，因此在外部可以直接 `unwarp` 来获取 `&dyn Socket`
+    pub fn get_socket_inode(&self, fd: i32) -> Result<Arc<dyn IndexNode>, SystemError> {
         let f = ProcessManager::current_pcb()
             .fd_table()
             .read()
@@ -1215,11 +1218,15 @@ impl ProcessControlBlock {
         if f.file_type() != FileType::Socket {
             return Err(SystemError::EBADF);
         }
+
+        let inode = f.inode();
         // log::info!("get_socket: fd {} is a socket", fd);
-        f.inode().cast::<dyn Socket>().map_err(|_| {
-            log::error!("get_socket: fd {} is not a socket", fd);
-            SystemError::EBADF
-        })
+        if let Some(_sock) = inode.as_socket() {
+            // log::info!("{:?}", sock);
+            return Ok(inode);
+        }
+
+        Err(SystemError::EBADF)
     }
 
     /// 当前进程退出时,让初始进程收养所有子进程

kernel/src/process/namespace/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod ipc_namespace;
 pub mod mnt;
+pub mod net_namespace;
 pub mod nsproxy;
 pub mod pid_namespace;
 pub mod unshare;

kernel/src/process/namespace/net_namespace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+use crate::arch::CurrentIrqArch;
+use crate::driver::net::bridge::BridgeDriver;
+use crate::driver::net::loopback::{generate_loopback_iface_default, LoopbackInterface};
+use crate::exception::InterruptArch;
+use crate::init::initcall::INITCALL_SUBSYS;
+use crate::libs::rwlock::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
+use crate::net::routing::Router;
+use crate::net::socket::netlink::table::{
+    generate_supported_netlink_kernel_sockets, NetlinkKernelSocket, NetlinkSocketTable,
+};
+use crate::process::fork::CloneFlags;
+use crate::process::kthread::{KernelThreadClosure, KernelThreadMechanism};
+use crate::process::namespace::{NamespaceOps, NamespaceType};
+use crate::process::{ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager};
+use crate::sched::{schedule, SchedMode};
+use crate::{
+    driver::net::Iface,
+    libs::spinlock::SpinLock,
+    process::namespace::{nsproxy::NsCommon, user_namespace::UserNamespace},
+};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// # 所有网络设备，进程，socket的初始网络命名空间
+    pub static ref INIT_NET_NAMESPACE: Arc<NetNamespace> = NetNamespace::new_root();
+}
+
+/// # 网络命名空间计数器
+/// 用于生成唯一的网络命名空间ID
+/// 每次创建新的网络命名空间时，都会增加这个计数器
+pub static mut NETNS_COUNTER: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_SUBSYS)]
+pub fn root_net_namespace_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    // 创建root网络命名空间的轮询线程
+    let pcb =
+        NetNamespace::create_polling_thread(INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone(), "root_netns".to_string());
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.set_poll_thread(pcb);
+
+    // 创建 router
+    let router = Router::new("root_netns_router".to_string());
+    INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.inner_mut().router = router.clone();
+    let mut guard = router.ns.write();
+    *guard = INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.self_ref.clone();
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// # 获取下一个网络命名空间计数器的值
+fn get_next_netns_counter() -> usize {
+    unsafe { NETNS_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NetNamespace {
+    ns_common: NsCommon,
+    self_ref: Weak<NetNamespace>,
+    _user_ns: Arc<UserNamespace>,
+    inner: RwLock<InnerNetNamespace>,
+    /// # 负责当前网络命名空间网卡轮询的线程
+    net_poll_thread: SpinLock<Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>>>,
+    /// # 当前网络命名空间下所有网络接口的列表
+    /// 这个列表在中断上下文会使用到，因此需要irqsave
+    /// 没有放在InnerNetNamespace里面，独立出来，方便管理
+    device_list: RwLock<BTreeMap<usize, Arc<dyn Iface>>>,
+    ///当前网络命名空间下的桥接设备列表
+    bridge_list: RwLock<BTreeMap<String, Arc<BridgeDriver>>>,
+
+    // -- Netlink --
+    /// # 当前网络命名空间下的 Netlink 套接字表
+    /// 负责绑定netlink套接字的接收队列，以便发送接收消息
+    netlink_socket_table: NetlinkSocketTable,
+    /// # 当前网络命名空间下的 Netlink 内核套接字
+    /// 负责接收并处理 Netlink 消息
+    netlink_kernel_socket: RwLock<HashMap<u32, Arc<dyn NetlinkKernelSocket>>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct InnerNetNamespace {
+    router: Arc<Router>,
+    /// 当前网络命名空间的loopback网卡
+    loopback_iface: Option<Arc<LoopbackInterface>>,
+    /// 当前网络命名空间的默认网卡
+    /// 这个网卡会在没有指定网卡的情况下使用
+    default_iface: Option<Arc<dyn Iface>>,
+}
+
+impl InnerNetNamespace {
+    pub fn router(&self) -> &Arc<Router> {
+        &self.router
+    }
+
+    pub fn loopback_iface(&self) -> Option<Arc<LoopbackInterface>> {
+        self.loopback_iface.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl NetNamespace {
+    pub fn new_root() -> Arc<Self> {
+        let inner = InnerNetNamespace {
+            // 这里没有直接创建 router，而是留到 init 函数中创建
+            router: Router::new_empty(),
+            loopback_iface: None,
+            default_iface: None,
+        };
+
+        let netns = Arc::new_cyclic(|self_ref| Self {
+            ns_common: NsCommon::new(0, NamespaceType::Net),
+            self_ref: self_ref.clone(),
+            _user_ns: crate::process::namespace::user_namespace::INIT_USER_NAMESPACE.clone(),
+            inner: RwLock::new(inner),
+            net_poll_thread: SpinLock::new(None),
+            device_list: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            bridge_list: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            netlink_socket_table: NetlinkSocketTable::default(),
+            netlink_kernel_socket: RwLock::new(generate_supported_netlink_kernel_sockets()),
+        });
+
+        // Self::create_polling_thread(netns.clone(), "netns_root".to_string());
+        log::info!("Initialized root net namespace");
+        netns
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_empty(user_ns: Arc<UserNamespace>) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SystemError> {
+        let counter = get_next_netns_counter();
+        let loopback = generate_loopback_iface_default();
+
+        let inner = InnerNetNamespace {
+            router: Router::new(format!("netns_router_{}", counter)),
+            loopback_iface: Some(loopback.clone()),
+            default_iface: None,
+        };
+
+        let netns = Arc::new_cyclic(|self_ref| Self {
+            ns_common: NsCommon::new(0, NamespaceType::Net),
+            self_ref: self_ref.clone(),
+            _user_ns: user_ns,
+            inner: RwLock::new(inner),
+            net_poll_thread: SpinLock::new(None),
+            device_list: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            bridge_list: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            netlink_socket_table: NetlinkSocketTable::default(),
+            netlink_kernel_socket: RwLock::new(generate_supported_netlink_kernel_sockets()),
+        });
+        Self::create_polling_thread(netns.clone(), format!("netns_{}", counter));
+        netns.add_device(loopback);
+
+        Ok(netns)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn copy_net_ns(
+        &self,
+        clone_flags: &CloneFlags,
+        user_ns: Arc<UserNamespace>,
+    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SystemError> {
+        if !clone_flags.contains(CloneFlags::CLONE_NEWNET) {
+            return Ok(self.self_ref.upgrade().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        Self::new_empty(user_ns)
+    }
+
+    pub fn device_list_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<'_, BTreeMap<usize, Arc<dyn Iface>>> {
+        self.device_list.write()
+    }
+
+    pub fn device_list(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'_, BTreeMap<usize, Arc<dyn Iface>>> {
+        self.device_list.read()
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'_, InnerNetNamespace> {
+        self.inner.read()
+    }
+
+    pub fn inner_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<'_, InnerNetNamespace> {
+        self.inner.write()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_loopback_iface(&self, loopback: Arc<LoopbackInterface>) {
+        self.inner_mut().loopback_iface = Some(loopback);
+    }
+
+    pub fn loopback_iface(&self) -> Option<Arc<LoopbackInterface>> {
+        self.inner().loopback_iface()
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_default_iface(&self, iface: Arc<dyn Iface>) {
+        self.inner_mut().default_iface = Some(iface);
+    }
+
+    pub fn default_iface(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Iface>> {
+        self.inner().default_iface.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn router(&self) -> Arc<Router> {
+        self.inner().router.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn netlink_socket_table(&self) -> &NetlinkSocketTable {
+        &self.netlink_socket_table
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_netlink_kernel_socket_by_protocol(
+        &self,
+        protocol: u32,
+    ) -> Option<Arc<dyn NetlinkKernelSocket>> {
+        self.netlink_kernel_socket.read().get(&protocol).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_device(&self, device: Arc<dyn Iface>) {
+        device.set_net_namespace(self.self_ref.upgrade().unwrap());
+
+        self.device_list_mut().insert(device.nic_id(), device);
+
+        // log::info!(
+        //     "Network device added to namespace count: {:?}",
+        //     self.device_list().len()
+        // );
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_device(&self, nic_id: &usize) {
+        self.device_list_mut().remove(nic_id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_bridge(&self, bridge: Arc<BridgeDriver>) {
+        self.bridge_list.write().insert(bridge.name(), bridge);
+    }
+
+    /// # 拉起网络命名空间的轮询线程
+    pub fn wakeup_poll_thread(&self) {
+        if self.net_poll_thread.lock().is_none() {
+            return;
+        }
+        // log::info!("wakeup net_poll thread for namespace");
+        let _ = ProcessManager::wakeup(self.net_poll_thread.lock().as_ref().unwrap());
+    }
+
+    /// # 网络命名空间的轮询线程
+    /// 该线程会轮询当前命名空间下的所有网络接口
+    /// 并调用它们的poll方法
+    /// 注意： 此方法仅可在初始化当前net namespace时创建进程使用
+    fn polling(&self) {
+        // log::info!("net_poll thread started for namespace");
+        loop {
+            for (_, iface) in self.device_list.read_irqsave().iter() {
+                iface.poll();
+            }
+
+            let irq_guard = unsafe { CurrentIrqArch::save_and_disable_irq() };
+            ProcessManager::mark_sleep(true).expect("netns_poll_kthread:mark sleep failed");
+            drop(irq_guard);
+            // log::info!("net_poll thread going to sleep");
+            schedule(SchedMode::SM_NONE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_polling_thread(netns: Arc<Self>, name: String) -> Arc<ProcessControlBlock> {
+        let pcb = {
+            let closure: Box<dyn Fn() -> i32 + Send + Sync> = Box::new(move || {
+                netns.polling();
+                0
+            });
+            KernelThreadClosure::EmptyClosure((closure, ()))
+        };
+
+        let pcb = KernelThreadMechanism::create_and_run(pcb, name)
+            .ok_or("")
+            .expect("create net_poll thread for net namespace failed");
+        log::info!("net_poll thread created for namespace");
+        pcb
+    }
+
+    /// # 设置网络命名空间的轮询线程
+    /// 这个方法仅可在初始化网络命名空间时调用
+    fn set_poll_thread(&self, pcb: Arc<ProcessControlBlock>) {
+        let mut lock = self.net_poll_thread.lock();
+        *lock = Some(pcb);
+    }
+}
+
+impl NamespaceOps for NetNamespace {
+    fn ns_common(&self) -> &NsCommon {
+        &self.ns_common
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProcessManager {
+    pub fn current_netns() -> Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        Self::current_pcb().nsproxy.read().net_ns.clone()
+    }
+}

kernel/src/process/namespace/nsproxy.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::process::{
     fork::CloneFlags,
     namespace::{
         mnt::{root_mnt_namespace, MntNamespace},
+        net_namespace::{NetNamespace, INIT_NET_NAMESPACE},
         uts_namespace::{UtsNamespace, INIT_UTS_NAMESPACE},
     },
     ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager,
@@ -31,8 +32,11 @@ pub struct NsProxy {
     pub uts_ns: Arc<UtsNamespace>,
     /// ipc namespace（SysV IPC、POSIX mqueue 等）
     pub ipc_ns: Arc<IpcNamespace>,
+    /// 网络命名空间
+    pub net_ns: Arc<NetNamespace>,
+    // 注意，user_ns 存储在cred,不存储在nsproxy
+
     // 其他namespace（为未来扩展预留）
-    // pub net_ns: Option<Arc<NetNamespace>>,
     // pub cgroup_ns: Option<Arc<CgroupNamespace>>,
     // pub time_ns: Option<Arc<TimeNamespace>>,
 }
@@ -48,11 +52,13 @@ impl NsProxy {
     pub fn new_root() -> Arc<Self> {
         let root_pid_ns = super::pid_namespace::INIT_PID_NAMESPACE.clone();
         let root_mnt_ns = root_mnt_namespace();
+        let root_net_ns = INIT_NET_NAMESPACE.clone();
         let root_uts_ns = INIT_UTS_NAMESPACE.clone();
         let root_ipc_ns = INIT_IPC_NAMESPACE.clone();
         Arc::new(Self {
             pid_ns_for_children: root_pid_ns,
             mnt_ns: root_mnt_ns,
+            net_ns: root_net_ns,
             uts_ns: root_uts_ns,
             ipc_ns: root_ipc_ns,
         })
@@ -68,10 +74,16 @@ impl NsProxy {
         &self.mnt_ns
     }
 
+    /// 获取 net namespace
+    pub fn net_namespace(&self) -> &Arc<NetNamespace> {
+        &self.net_ns
+    }
+
     pub fn clone_inner(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
             pid_ns_for_children: self.pid_ns_for_children.clone(),
             mnt_ns: self.mnt_ns.clone(),
+            net_ns: self.net_ns.clone(),
             uts_ns: self.uts_ns.clone(),
             ipc_ns: self.ipc_ns.clone(),
         }
@@ -152,12 +164,14 @@ pub(super) fn create_new_namespaces(
         .copy_pid_ns(clone_flags, user_ns.clone())?;
 
     let mnt_ns = nsproxy.mnt_ns.copy_mnt_ns(clone_flags, user_ns.clone())?;
+    let net_ns = nsproxy.net_ns.copy_net_ns(clone_flags, user_ns.clone())?;
 
     let uts_ns = nsproxy.uts_ns.copy_uts_ns(clone_flags, user_ns.clone())?;
     let ipc_ns = nsproxy.ipc_ns.copy_ipc_ns(clone_flags, user_ns.clone());
     let result = NsProxy {
         pid_ns_for_children,
         mnt_ns,
+        net_ns,
         uts_ns,
         ipc_ns,
     };

kernel/src/process/namespace/unshare.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn ksys_unshare(flags: CloneFlags) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         switch_task_namespaces(&current_pcb, new_nsproxy)?;
     }
     // TODO: 处理其他命名空间的 unshare 操作
-    // CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_FS, CLONE_FILES, CLONE_SIGHAND, CLONE_VM, CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SYSVSEM,
+    // CLONE_FS, CLONE_FILES, CLONE_SIGHAND, CLONE_VM, CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SYSVSEM,
     // CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER, CLONE_NEWNET, CLONE_NEWCGROUP, CLONE_NEWTIME
 
     Ok(())

tools/run-qemu.sh

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ QEMU_SERIAL="-serial file:${QEMU_SERIAL_LOG_FILE}"
 QEMU_DRIVE="id=disk,file=${QEMU_DISK_IMAGE},if=none"
 QEMU_ACCELARATE=""
 QEMU_DEVICES=""
+# QEMU_ARGUMENT+=" -S "
 
 if [ -f "${QEMU_EXT4_DISK_IMAGE}" ]; then
   QEMU_DRIVE+=" -drive id=ext4disk,file=${QEMU_EXT4_DISK_IMAGE},if=none,format=raw"

user/apps/c_unitest/test_bind.c

@@ -139,6 +139,9 @@ void test_all_ports() {
     }
 
     count++;
+
+    close(tcp_fd);
+    if (count>=100) break;
   }
   printf("===TEST 10===\n");
   printf("count: %d\n", count);

user/apps/c_unitest/test_epoll_socket.c

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define SERVER_IP "111.111.11.1"
+#define CLIENT_IP "111.111.11.2"
+#define PORT 8888
+#define MAX_EVENTS 10
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+
+// 函数声明
+void server_process();
+void client_process();
+
+int main() {
+    pid_t pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        perror("fork failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    } else if (pid == 0) {
+        // 子进程作为客户端
+        // 等待一秒，确保服务器已启动
+        sleep(1);
+        client_process();
+    } else {
+        // 父进程作为服务器
+        server_process();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// 服务器进程逻辑
+void server_process() {
+    printf("[Server] Starting server process...\n");
+
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, epoll_fd;
+    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
+    socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
+    struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int data_processed = 0; // 添加标志位，标记是否已处理过数据
+
+    if ((listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0)) < 0) {
+        perror("[Server] socket creation failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        perror("[Server] inet_pton failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (bind(listen_sock,
+             (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
+             sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
+        perror("[Server] bind failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (listen(listen_sock, 1) < 0) {
+        perror("[Server] listen failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    printf("[Server] Listening on %s:%d\n", SERVER_IP, PORT);
+
+    if ((epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0)) < 0) {
+        perror("[Server] epoll_create1 failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+    ev.data.fd = listen_sock;
+    if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_sock, &ev) < 0) {
+        perror("[Server] epoll_ctl: listen_sock failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    printf("Adding listening socket %d to epoll\n", listen_sock);
+
+    while (!data_processed) { 
+        int nfds = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
+        if (nfds < 0) {
+            perror("[Server] epoll_wait failed");
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
+            if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {
+                printf("trying to accept new connection...\n");
+                while (1) {
+                    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,
+                                       (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+                                       &client_len);
+                    if (conn_sock < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                            printf("All incoming connections have been "
+                                   "processed.\n");
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            perror("accept error");
+                            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; 
+                    ev.data.fd = conn_sock;
+                    if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock, &ev) <
+                        0) {
+                        perror("[Server] epoll_ctl: conn_sock failed");
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                    }
+                    printf("[Server] Accepted connection from %s:%d\n",
+                           inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr),
+                           ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
+                }
+            } else {
+                printf("[Server] handling client data...\n");
+                int client_fd = events[n].data.fd;
+                int nread = read(client_fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+                if (nread == -1) {
+                    if (errno != EAGAIN) {
+                        perror("[Server] read error");
+                        close(client_fd);
+                    }
+                } else if (nread == 0) {
+                    printf("[Server] Client disconnected.\n");
+                    close(client_fd);
+                } else {
+                    buffer[nread] = '\0';
+                    printf("[Server] Received from client: %s\n", buffer);
+                    write(client_fd, buffer, nread);
+                    printf("[Server] Echoed data back to client. Server will "
+                           "now exit.\n");
+                    data_processed = 1; // 设置退出标志
+                    sleep(3);
+
+                    close(client_fd);
+                    break; 
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    printf("[Server] Server process completed.\n");
+    close(listen_sock);
+    close(epoll_fd);
+}
+
+// 客户端进程逻辑
+void client_process() {
+    printf("[Client] Starting client process...\n");
+
+    int sock = 0;
+    struct sockaddr_in client_bind_addr, server_addr;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
+
+    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        perror("[Client] socket creation failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    memset(&client_bind_addr, 0, sizeof(client_bind_addr));
+    client_bind_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    client_bind_addr.sin_port = htons(7777);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CLIENT_IP, &client_bind_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        perror("[Client] inet_pton for bind failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (bind(sock,
+             (struct sockaddr *)&client_bind_addr,
+             sizeof(client_bind_addr)) < 0) {
+        perror("[Client] bind failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    printf("[Client] Bound to IP %s\n", CLIENT_IP);
+
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        perror("[Client] inet_pton for connect failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) <
+        0) {
+        perror("[Client] connect failed");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    printf("[Client] Connected to server %s:%d\n", SERVER_IP, PORT);
+
+
+    const char *message = "Hello from client";
+    write(sock, message, strlen(message));
+    printf("[Client] Sent: %s\n", message);
+    sleep(1);
+
+    int valread = read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+    if (valread > 0) {
+        buffer[valread] = '\0';
+        printf("[Client] Received: %s\n", buffer);
+    }
+
+    printf("[Client] Client process completed.\n");
+    close(sock);
+}

user/apps/c_unitest/test_netlink.c

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+// 定义一个足够大的缓冲区来接收Netlink消息
+#define NL_BUFSIZE 8192
+
+// 结构体，用于将请求消息封装起来
+struct nl_req_t {
+    struct nlmsghdr nlh;
+    struct ifaddrmsg ifa;
+};
+
+void parse_rtattr(struct rtattr *tb[], int max, struct rtattr *rta, int len) {
+    memset(tb, 0, sizeof(struct rtattr *) * (max + 1));
+    while (RTA_OK(rta, len)) {
+        if (rta->rta_type <= max) {
+            tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;
+        }
+        rta = RTA_NEXT(rta, len);
+    }
+}
+
+int run_netlink_test() {
+    int sock_fd;
+    struct sockaddr_nl sa_nl;
+    struct nl_req_t req;
+
+    // struct iovec iov;
+    // struct msghdr msg;
+    // struct sockaddr_nl src_addr; // 用于接收发送方的地址
+
+    char buf[NL_BUFSIZE];
+    ssize_t len;
+    struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
+
+    // 创建Netlink套接字
+    sock_fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+    if (sock_fd < 0) {
+        perror("socket creation failed");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // 设置Netlink地址
+    memset(&sa_nl, 0, sizeof(sa_nl));
+    sa_nl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
+    sa_nl.nl_pid = getpid(); // 使用进程ID作为地址
+
+    // 绑定Netlink套接字
+    if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa_nl, sizeof(sa_nl)) < 0) {
+        perror("socket bind failed");
+        close(sock_fd);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // 构建RTM_GETADDR请求消息
+    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+    req.nlh.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifaddrmsg));
+    // 这是关键：设置DUMP标志以获取所有地址
+    req.nlh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP;
+    req.nlh.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETADDR;
+    req.nlh.nlmsg_seq = 1; // 序列号，用于匹配请求和响应
+    req.nlh.nlmsg_pid = getpid();
+    req.ifa.ifa_family =
+        AF_INET; // 只请求 IPv4 地址 (也可以用 AF_UNSPEC 获取所有)
+
+    // 内核的目标地址
+    struct sockaddr_nl dest_addr;
+    memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
+    dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
+    dest_addr.nl_pid = 0;    // 0 for the kernel
+    dest_addr.nl_groups = 0; // Unicast
+
+    // 发送请求到内核
+    if (sendto(sock_fd,
+               &req,
+               req.nlh.nlmsg_len,
+               0,
+               (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,
+               sizeof(dest_addr)) < 0) {
+        perror("send failed");
+        close(sock_fd);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    printf("Sent RTM_GETADDR request with DUMP flag.\n\n");
+
+    // // 准备 recvmsg 所需的结构体
+    // // iovec 指向我们的主数据缓冲区
+    // iov.iov_base = buf;
+    // iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
+
+    // // msghdr 将所有部分组合在一起
+    // msg.msg_name = &src_addr; // 填充发送方地址
+    // msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(src_addr);
+    // msg.msg_iov = &iov; // 指向数据缓冲区
+    // msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+    // msg.msg_control = NULL; // 我们暂时不处理控制消息
+    // msg.msg_controllen = 0;
+
+    int received_messages = 0;
+
+    // 循环接收响应
+    while ((len = recv(sock_fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)) > 0) {
+        // ssize_t len = recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
+
+        // if (len < 0) {
+        //     perror("recvmsg failed");
+        //     break;
+        // }
+
+        // if (len == 0) {
+        //     printf("EOF on netlink socket\n");
+        //     break;
+        // }
+
+        // if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_TRUNC) {
+        //     fprintf(
+        //         stderr,
+        //         "Warning: Message was truncated. Buffer may be too small.\n");
+        // }
+
+
+        // 使用 NLMSG_OK 遍历缓冲区中可能存在的多条消息
+        for (nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf; NLMSG_OK(nlh, len);
+             nlh = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh, len)) {
+
+            // 如果是 DUMP 结束的标志，则退出循环
+            if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) {
+                printf("--- End of DUMP ---\n");
+                if (!received_messages) {
+                    printf("(Received an empty list as expected)\n");
+                }
+                close(sock_fd);
+                return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            // 如果是错误消息
+            if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
+                struct nlmsgerr *err = (struct nlmsgerr *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
+                fprintf(stderr,
+                        "Netlink error received: %s\n",
+                        strerror(-err->error));
+                close(sock_fd);
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+            }
+
+            // 只处理我们期望的 RTM_NEWADDR 消息
+            if (nlh->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWADDR) {
+                printf("Received unexpected message type: %d\n",
+                       nlh->nlmsg_type);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // printf("Received message from PID: %u\n", src_addr.nl_pid);
+
+            // 表明我们至少接收到了一条信息
+            received_messages = 1;
+
+            struct ifaddrmsg *ifa = (struct ifaddrmsg *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
+            struct rtattr *rta_tb[IFA_MAX + 1];
+
+            // 解析消息中的路由属性
+            int rta_len = nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*ifa));
+            parse_rtattr(rta_tb, IFA_MAX, IFA_RTA(ifa), rta_len);
+
+            printf("Interface Index: %d, PrefixLen: %d, Scope: %d\n",
+                   ifa->ifa_index,
+                   ifa->ifa_prefixlen,
+                   ifa->ifa_scope);
+
+            char ip_addr_str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+
+            // 打印 IFA_LABEL (对应你的 AddrAttr::Label)
+            if (rta_tb[IFA_LABEL]) {
+                printf("\tLabel: %s\n", (char *)RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LABEL]));
+            }
+
+            // 打印 IFA_ADDRESS (对应你的 AddrAttr::Address)
+            if (rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS]) {
+                inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family,
+                          RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS]),
+                          ip_addr_str,
+                          sizeof(ip_addr_str));
+                printf("\tAddress: %s\n", ip_addr_str);
+            }
+
+            // 打印 IFA_LOCAL (对应你的 AddrAttr::Local)
+            if (rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]) {
+                inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family,
+                          RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]),
+                          ip_addr_str,
+                          sizeof(ip_addr_str));
+                printf("\tLocal: %s\n", ip_addr_str);
+            }
+            printf("----------------------------------------\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        perror("recv failed");
+    }
+
+    close(sock_fd);
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+    printf("=========== STAGE 1: Testing in Default Network Namespace "
+           "===========\n");
+    if (run_netlink_test() != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Test failed in the default namespace.\n");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    printf("\n\n=========== STAGE 2: Creating and Testing in a New Network "
+           "Namespace ===========\n");
+
+    // ** 关键步骤：创建新的网络命名空间 **
+    // 这个调用会将当前进程移入一个新的、隔离的网络栈中
+    if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) == -1) {
+        perror("unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) failed");
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "This test requires root privileges (e.g., 'sudo "
+                "./your_program').\n");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    printf("Successfully created and entered a new network namespace.\n");
+
+    // 在新的命名空间中再次运行同样的测试
+    if (run_netlink_test() != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Test failed in the new namespace.\n");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    printf("\nAll tests completed successfully.\n");
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

user/apps/c_unitest/test_router.c

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define SERVER_IP "192.168.2.3"
+#define FAKE_SERVER_IP "192.168.2.1"
+#define CLIENT_IP "192.168.1.1"
+#define PORT 34254
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+
+// 错误处理函数
+void handle_error_message(const char *message) {
+    perror(message);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+// 服务器线程函数
+void *server_func(void *arg) {
+    int sockfd;
+    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
+
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to create socket");
+    }
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Invalid server IP address");
+    }
+
+    if (bind(sockfd,
+             (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
+             sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to bind to " SERVER_IP);
+    }
+    printf("[server] Listening on %s:%d\n", SERVER_IP, PORT);
+
+    ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd,
+                         buffer,
+                         BUFFER_SIZE,
+                         0,
+                         (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+                         &client_len);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to receive");
+    }
+    buffer[n] = '\0'; // 确保字符串正确终止
+
+    // //debug
+    // unsigned char *ip_bytes = (unsigned char *)&client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+    // printf("[DEBUG] Raw IP bytes received: %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+    //        ip_bytes[0],
+    //        ip_bytes[1],
+    //        ip_bytes[2],
+    //        ip_bytes[3]);
+
+    char client_ip_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip_str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+    printf("[server] Received from %s:%d: %s\n",
+           client_ip_str,
+           ntohs(client_addr.sin_port),
+           buffer);
+
+    if (sendto(sockfd,
+               buffer,
+               n,
+               0,
+               (const struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+               client_len) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to send back");
+    }
+    sleep(1);
+    printf("[server] Echoed back the message\n");
+
+    close(sockfd);
+    printf("server going to exit\n");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// 客户端线程函数
+void *client_func(void *arg) {
+    int sockfd;
+    struct sockaddr_in client_addr, server_addr;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    const char *msg = "Hello from veth1!";
+
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to create socket");
+    }
+
+    memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));
+    client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    client_addr.sin_port = htons(0); // 端口为0，由操作系统自动选择
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CLIENT_IP, &client_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Invalid client IP address");
+    }
+
+    if (bind(sockfd,
+             (const struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+             sizeof(client_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to bind to " CLIENT_IP);
+    }
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, FAKE_SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Invalid server IP address for connect");
+    }
+
+    if (connect(sockfd,
+                (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
+                sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to connect");
+    }
+
+    if (send(sockfd, msg, strlen(msg), 0) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to send");
+    }
+    printf("[client] Sent: %s\n", msg);
+
+    ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to receive");
+    }
+    buffer[n] = '\0'; // 确保字符串正确终止
+
+    printf("[client] Received echo: %s\n", buffer);
+
+    assert(strcmp(msg, buffer) == 0 && "[client] Mismatch in echo!");
+
+    close(sockfd);
+    printf("client goning to exit\n");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    pthread_t server_tid, client_tid;
+
+    if (pthread_create(&server_tid, NULL, server_func, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to create server thread");
+    }
+
+    usleep(200 * 1000); // 200 milliseconds
+
+    if (pthread_create(&client_tid, NULL, client_func, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to create client thread");
+    }
+
+    if (pthread_join(server_tid, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to join server thread");
+    }
+    if (pthread_join(client_tid, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to join client thread");
+    }
+
+    printf("\nTest completed: veth_a <--> veth_d UDP communication success\n");
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

user/apps/c_unitest/test_veth_bridge.c

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define SERVER_IP "200.0.0.4"
+#define CLIENT_IP "200.0.0.1"
+#define PORT 34254
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+
+// 错误处理函数
+void handle_error_message(const char *message) {
+    perror(message);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+// 服务器线程函数
+void *server_func(void *arg) {
+    int sockfd;
+    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
+
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to create socket");
+    }
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Invalid server IP address");
+    }
+
+    if (bind(sockfd,
+             (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
+             sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to bind to " SERVER_IP);
+    }
+    printf("[server] Listening on %s:%d\n", SERVER_IP, PORT);
+
+    ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd,
+                         buffer,
+                         BUFFER_SIZE,
+                         0,
+                         (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+                         &client_len);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to receive");
+    }
+    buffer[n] = '\0'; // 确保字符串正确终止
+
+    // //debug
+    // unsigned char *ip_bytes = (unsigned char *)&client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+    // printf("[DEBUG] Raw IP bytes received: %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+    //        ip_bytes[0],
+    //        ip_bytes[1],
+    //        ip_bytes[2],
+    //        ip_bytes[3]);
+
+    char client_ip_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip_str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+    printf("[server] Received from %s:%d: %s\n",
+           client_ip_str,
+           ntohs(client_addr.sin_port),
+           buffer);
+
+    if (sendto(sockfd,
+               buffer,
+               n,
+               0,
+               (const struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+               client_len) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[server] Failed to send back");
+    }
+    // sleep(5);
+    printf("[server] Echoed back the message\n");
+
+    close(sockfd);
+    printf("server going to exit\n");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// 客户端线程函数
+void *client_func(void *arg) {
+    int sockfd;
+    struct sockaddr_in client_addr, server_addr;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    const char *msg = "Hello from veth1!";
+
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to create socket");
+    }
+
+    memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));
+    client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    client_addr.sin_port = htons(0); // 端口为0，由操作系统自动选择
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CLIENT_IP, &client_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Invalid client IP address");
+    }
+
+    if (bind(sockfd,
+             (const struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,
+             sizeof(client_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to bind to " CLIENT_IP);
+    }
+
+    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
+    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Invalid server IP address for connect");
+    }
+
+    if (connect(sockfd,
+                (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
+                sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to connect");
+    }
+
+    if (send(sockfd, msg, strlen(msg), 0) < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to send");
+    }
+    printf("[client] Sent: %s\n", msg);
+
+    ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        handle_error_message("[client] Failed to receive");
+    }
+    buffer[n] = '\0'; // 确保字符串正确终止
+
+    printf("[client] Received echo: %s\n", buffer);
+
+    assert(strcmp(msg, buffer) == 0 && "[client] Mismatch in echo!");
+
+    close(sockfd);
+    printf("client goning to exit\n");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    pthread_t server_tid, client_tid;
+
+    if (pthread_create(&server_tid, NULL, server_func, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to create server thread");
+    }
+
+    usleep(200 * 1000); // 200 milliseconds
+
+    if (pthread_create(&client_tid, NULL, client_func, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to create client thread");
+    }
+
+    if (pthread_join(server_tid, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to join server thread");
+    }
+    if (pthread_join(client_tid, NULL) != 0) {
+        handle_error_message("Failed to join client thread");
+    }
+
+    printf("\nTest completed: veth_a <--> veth_d UDP communication success\n");
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}